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GRAMMAR被动语态（一）语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式一般现在时be(am/is/are)+过去分词一般过去时be的过去式(was/were)+过去分词一般将来时will+be+过去分词过去将来时would+be+过去分词现在进行时be(am/is/are)+being+过去分词过去进行时be的过去式(was/were)+being+过去分词现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词过去完成时had+been+过去分词含有情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词★动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。1.It’snicetobewanted.2.Thebooksaretobesenttotheyoungchildren.3.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.4.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillbeahardnuttocrack.5.TheywereshippedtoAmericatobesoldasslaves.6.Hedidn’twantthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.7.Forty-onepeoplearesaidtohavebeenseriouslyhurtintheaccident.【自我归纳】1.当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动形式有两种：①一般式的被动式：tobedone（句1—句6）；②完成式的被动式：________（句7）。2.动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语（句1）、表语（句2）、宾语（句3）、________（句4）、状语（句5）、宾语补足语（句6）、主语补足语（句7）。【即学即练】I.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。1.Thebook________(write)nowand________(believe)tobepopularwithyoungchildren.2.Ithas________(declare)thattherearefivestudents________(send)abroadforfurtherstudy.3.Iremember________(tell)aboutthemeeting________(hold)nextmonth.4.Thechildishappy________(leave)aloneathomeatweekendsbecausehecanplaycomputergamesfreely.5.Thereisaprimaryschool________(build)sooninthevillagesoalotofbuildingmaterials________(bring)heredayandnight.II.用被动语态完成下面对话。1.A：Thousandsofpeoplehavebeenkilledinthepastfewyearsbecauseofdrunkdriving.Ithinksomemeasuresmustbetakentohandleit.B：Icouldn’tagreemore.ItissaidthatithasbeenputintoCriminalLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaalready,and______________________(以后酒驾者将会受到严惩).A:Inmyopinion,anothermeasuretobetakenistomakethepublicunderstandtheharmofdrunkdriving.B:I’mafraid_______________(这个问题不好处理),foritisatraditioninChinatodrinkatdinners.2.A:Lisa,Igotcaughtinthetrafficjamyesterday.YouwillneverknowhowangryIwas!B:Oh,sorrytohearthat.ThetransportinBeijingreallyneedstobeimproved.A:Yes.Abusfullofpassengershadbeenstuckinthelongqueueforalongtime.Andthedrivergotshoutedatbysomepassengers.B:Heisnottoblameforit._________________(汽车的数量应该控制一下)andpeopleshouldberequestedtotravelbypublictransport.III.用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。SpaceStationUnity1.________(complete)withinthenextdecade,andinternationalteamsofastronautswillthenbesharingquartersforlongperiodsoftime.Whatcan2.________(do)toimprovelivingconditionsinspace?Here’swhatformerastronautssuggest:FoodItdoesn’ttasteasgoodinzerogravity.Foodshouldbemadespicierinorderforthoseeffects3.________(overcome).Internationaltastesmustalso4.________(consider).ClothingLayeredclothingcouldhelpastronautsstaycomfortable.Thetoplayershouldbedesigned5.________(remove)oraddedastemperaturesvary.SleepingBecauseofweightlessness,sometimessleep6.________(disturb)inspace.Comfortablerestraintsmustbeprovidedtogiveasenseofstability.EmotionalNeedsPeopleneed“downtime”inspacejustastheydoonEarth.Timeoughtto7.________(provide)forrelaxationandprivacy.参考答案【自我归纳】tohavebeendone；定语【即学即练】I.1.isbeingwritten;isbelieved2.beendeclared;tobesent3.beingtold;tobeheld4.tobeleft5.tobebuilt;arebeingbroughtII.1.drunkdriverswillbeheavilypunishedinthefuture;theproblemishardtodealwith2.ThenumberofcarsissupposedtobecontrolledIII.1.willbecompleted2.bedone3.tobeovercome4.beconsidered5.toberemoved6.isdisturbed7.beprovided