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2010571---2010-07-0806MS040197719642010572Coase(1937)(Cheung1968)(1998)(1999)3(19992000)(1999)(2000)(1998)20072008(1)JaggersGurr(1995)Kaufmann(1999)150HallJones(1999)(2)Alesina(1992)Helliwell(1994)Barro(1996)Chowdhurie-Aziz(1997)(3)()NarayanPritchett(1997)(4)Rodric(1995199620002002)MellingerSachsGallup(19982000)EasterlyLevine(2002)(2002)19811999R&DHankWa-ters(1997P2)(1)(2)(3)(4)(Kaun2002)(1993)(1993199519961997199819992001200320042003)()(1998200120022004)(200120032004)2010573(TheHeritageFoundationandTheWallStreetJournal)(MarcA.Miles19952004)519,,(1);(2);(3)();(4)(RobustEstimate);(5)Granger;(6)(theextremeboundsanalysisEBA)()GDPGDP,,,GRANGER20701:2010574119952007(R100%)GDP(,)(K,)(L)2007,GDP19952003GDP519952003200519980.730.670.760.741995200719951764.76200712268.1,4.519951482.6220078420.4,3.919952700.720073615.4,0.34,19953765.720074193.2,0.1119952007,,,:,,,,,,,19791986,19841985,GDP22%,1995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007GDP5155.256004.216680.347199.957697.828553.699456.8410606.8512442.8715003.6018305.6621645.0825741.15GDP3557.554188.534686.115052.625443.926141.036898.348003.679705.0211648.7013437.8515742.5118780.44R0.750.760.760.740.770.800.850.860.870.850.850.860.87R0.720.720.730.670.680.710.740.770.810.820.850.860.88K1764.761963.062174.972450.402441.902570.002823.203450.105233.006557.108165.4010069.2012268.10K1482.621611.441608.561801.701958.102350.002834.903477.504740.305781.306520.107590.208420.40L3765.43747.73745.53635.03596.03559.03565.03506.03610.33719.73877.73931.84193.2L2700.72701.92700.32651.02661.02700.02772.02835.02961.93092.03202.93372.33615.42010575,GDP,,198922.3%,,,1989,1991GDP,199322%19921995,19.4%,,12.7%,,,,19952007Cobb-Douglas3Y=A(t)KHes(1),YGDPKH()s(1)lnY=lnA+lnK+lnH+s(1)Y=A(t)K(Hes)(2),YKHs(1);(2)lnY=lnA+lnK+(lnH+s)(2)Y=A(t)(Kes)H(3),YKHs(1),(3)lnY=lnA+(lnK+s)+lnH(3)19952007Granger2010576119952007GDP1994EVIEWS3.1123Y=(KeR)L4YGDPKLR=-/22Y=KeR0.045L0.625(5)0.0450.62,1%,0.045%1%0.62%Y=KeR0.047L0.976(6)0.0470.971%0.047%1%0.97%GrangerH0ABAdoesnotGrangerCauseBBABdoesnotGrangerCauseAFFFFABlogK+RlogLR2(T)0.045*(1.92)0.62***(4.76)0.99logK+RlogLR2(T)0.047***(7.29)0.97***(138.93)0.9620105773GDPKLRGranger19952007GDP4GDPKLRGranger19952007GDPPairwiseGrangerCausalityTestsLags:1NullHypothesis:LZdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPZHEGDPZHEdoesnotGrangerCauseLZKZdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPZHEGDPZHEdoesnotGrangerCauseKZRZdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPZHEGDPZHEdoesnotGrangerCauseRZRZdoesnotGrangerCauseKZKZdoesnotGrangerCauseRZObs12121212F-Statistic8.784942.0813010.30534.771428.095370.3850113.21840.02522Probability0.015860.183000.010660.056770.019240.550320.005440.87733PairwiseGrangerCausalityTestsLags:2NullHypothesis:LJdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPJIANGGDPJIANGdoesnotGrangerCauseLJLJdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPJIANGGDPJIANGdoesnotGrangerCauseKJRJdoesnotGrangerCauseGDPJIANGGDPJIANGdoesnotGrangerCauseRJRJdoesnotGrangerCauseKJKJdoesnotGrangerCauseRJObs11111111F-Statistic7.130327.8739912.72870.884226.122800.634693.532630.50443Probability0.025970.021000.006940.460740.035560.562290.096850.627352010578GDP19952007GDP0.04519952007GDP0.047,C-D:HeritageFundation(Johnsonetal.,1998)CenterforPolicyandLegalStudies(CPLS)CPLS()(HeritageFundation)2090(),FraserInstitute(Gwartney19962001)(FreedomHouse2002).[J]..2008.09[1][].C.,.([M].:,2004.[2].[M].:.[3].[M].:2007.[4].[M].:,1999.[5].[J].2000,(7).[6].2004[M].:,2004.[7].2000[J].,2001,(3):17-27.[8],,.[J].,2003,(3).[9].[J].,1993,(6).[10].[J].,2000,(4).[11].[J].,1999,(1).[12].[J].,2000:(5).[13],,.[J].2002,(3).[14].[J].,1998,(3).[15].[J].,1998,(1).[16].[J].,1999,(1).[17].[J].,1999,(4).2010579[18].[J].,1995,(6).[19].[J].,1996,(2).[20].[J].,1997,(2).[21],.[J].,1998,().[22].19841995[J].,1998,(5).[23].[J].,2003,(8).[24],.[J].,2009,(1).[25].[J].,2008,(9).[26]Miles,M.A.,Feulner,E.J.,O'Grady,M.A.,andEiras,A.I.The2004IndexofEconomicFreedom[M].TheHeritageFoundationandTheWallStreetJournal.2004.2:39-42.[27]FreedomHouse.Freedomintheworld:theannualsurveyofpoliticalrightsandcivilliberties2001-2002[M].Rowman&LittlefieldPublishers,Inc.2002.[28]Hanke,S.H.andWaters,S.J.K.,Waters,economicfreedom,prosperity,andequality:asurvey[J].CatoJournal.1997.1997()[29]Coase,R.H.,TheNatureoftheFirm[J].Economic.1937Nov.4:386-406.[30]Kaun,D.E.,Whatdoeseconomicfreedombuy?[J].JournalofSocio-Economics.2002.31:371-390.[31]Alesina,A.,OzlerS.,RoubiniN.andSwagelP.,PoliticalInstabilityandEconomicGrowth[J].JournalofEconomicGrowth.1992.1(2):189-211.[32]Helliwell,J.,EmpiricalLinkagesbetweenDemocracyandEconomicGrowth[J].BritishJournalofPoliticalScience.1994.24:225-248.[33]Barro,R.J.,DemocracyandGrowth[J].JournalofEconomicGrowth.1996.1(1):1-27.[34]Chowdhurie-AzizM.,PoliticalOpennessandEconomicPerformance.Unpublishedpaper.UniversityofMinnesota.January1997.[35]Narayan,Pritchett,CentsandSociability:HouseholdIncomeandSocialCapitalinRuralTanzania.WorldBank,WashingtonDC,USA.1997.[36]Rodric,D.,UnderstandingEconomicPolicyReform[J].JournalofEconomicLiterature.1995.Vol.34:9-41.ComparativeStudyontheImpactofInstitutionalFa