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SectionIVofChapterIIIDisputeSettlementSystemContents4.1Theintegrateddisputesettlementsystem4.2Coverage:goods,servicesandIP4.3Procedures*4.4Goodoffices,ConciliationandMediation,Arbitration4.5Casestudy4.6DevelopingcountriesinDSB4.7Evaluation:resultstodate•Basedonclearly-definedrules.•Settledisputesthroughconsultationifpossible•Principles:equitable,fast,effective,mutuallyacceptable.•Legalframework:–GATT,Art22-23–DSU–SpecialrulesandprocedureofindividualWTOagreement4.1TheintegrateddisputesettlementsystemGATT,Art22第二十二条协商1.当一缔约方对影响本协定执行的任何事项向另一缔约方提出要求时,另一缔约方应给予同情的考虑,并应给予适当的机会进行协商。2.经一缔约方提出请求,缔约方全体对经本条第1款协商但未达成圆满结论的任何事项,可与另一缔约方或另几个缔约方进行协商。ArticleXXIIINullificationorImpairment利益的丧失或减损•1.IfanycontractingpartyshouldconsiderthatanybenefitaccruingtoitdirectlyorindirectlyunderthisAgreementisbeingnullifiedorimpairedorthattheattainmentofanyobjectiveoftheAgreementisbeingimpededastheresultof•(a)thefailureofanothercontractingpartytocarryoutitsobligationsunderthisAgreement,or•(b)theapplicationbyanothercontractingpartyofanymeasure,whetherornotitconflictswiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement,or•(c)theexistenceofanyothersituation,•thecontractingpartymay,withaviewtothesatisfactoryadjustmentofthematter,makewrittenrepresentationsorproposalstotheothercontractingpartyorpartieswhichitconsiderstobeconcerned.Anycontractingpartythusapproachedshallgivesympatheticconsiderationtotherepresentationsorproposalsmadetoit.GATT23利益的丧失或减损•1.如一缔约方认为,由于(a)另一缔约方未能实施其对本协定所承担的义务；或（b）另一缔约方实施某种措施(不论这一措施是否与本协定的规定有抵触);或(c)存在着任何其他情况。它根据本协定直接或间接可享受的利益正在丧失或受到损害,或者使本协定规定的目标的实现受到阻碍,则这一缔约方为了使问题能得到满意的调整,可以向其认为有关的缔约方提出书面请求或建议。有关缔约方对提出的请求或建议应给予同情的考虑。•2.Ifnosatisfactoryadjustmentiseffectedbetweenthecontractingpartiesconcernedwithinareasonabletime,orifthedifficultyisofthetypedescribedinparagraph1(c)ofthisArticle,themattermaybereferredtotheCONTRACTINGPARTIES.TheCONTRACTINGPARTIESshallpromptlyinvestigateanymattersoreferredtothemandshallmakeappropriaterecommendationstothecontractingpartieswhichtheyconsidertobeconcerned,orgivearulingonthematter,asappropriate.TheCONTRACTINGPARTIESmayconsultwithcontractingparties,withtheEconomicandSocialCounciloftheUnitedNationsandwithanyappropriateinter-governmentalorganizationincaseswheretheyconsidersuchconsultationnecessary.•2.如有关缔约方在合理期间内尚不能达成满意的调整办法,或者困难属于第l款(c)项所述类型,这一问题可以提交缔约方全体处理。缔约方全体对此应立即进行研究,并应向它所认为的有关缔约方提出适当建议,或者酌量对此问题作出裁决。缔约方全体如认为必要,可以与各缔约方、与联合国经社理事会和与任何国际机构进行协商。•IftheCONTRACTINGPARTIESconsiderthatthecircumstancesareseriousenoughtojustifysuchaction,theymayauthorizeacontractingpartyorpartiestosuspendtheapplicationtoanyothercontractingpartyorpartiesofsuchconcessionsorotherobligationsunderthisAgreementastheydeterminetobeappropriateinthecircumstances.Iftheapplicationtoanycontractingpartyofanyconcessionorotherobligationisinfactsuspended,thatcontractingpartyshallthenbefree,notlaterthansixtydaysaftersuchactionistaken,togivewrittennoticetotheExecutiveSecretarytotheContractingPartiesofitsintentiontowithdrawfromthisAgreementandsuchwithdrawalshalltakeeffectuponthesixtiethdayfollowingthedayonwhichsuchnoticeisreceivedbyhim.•如缔约方全体认为,情况严重以致有必要批准某缔约方斟酌实际情况对其他缔约方暂停实施本约定规定的减让或其他义务,它可以如此办理。如对一缔约方的减让或其他义务事实上已暂停实施,则这一缔约方在这项行动采取后的60天内,可以书面通知缔约方全体执行秘书长拟退出本协定,而自秘书长收到通知书后的60天开始,退出应即正式生效。Typesofcomplaints•ArticleXXIII:1ofGATT94---“NullificationorImpairment利益的丧失或损害–1.IfanycontractingpartyshouldconsiderthatanybenefitaccruingtoitdirectlyorindirectlyunderthisAgreementisbeingnullifiedorimpairedorthattheattainmentofanyobjectiveoftheAgreementisbeingimpededastheresultof•a.thefailureofanothercontractingpartytocarryoutitsobligationsunderthisAgreement,or•b.theapplicationbyanothercontractingpartyofanymeasure,whetherornotitconflictswiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement,or•c.theexistenceofanyothersituation,•thecontractingpartymay,withaviewtothesatisfactoryadjustmentofthematter…2alternativeoptionsonwhichacomplaintmayreplyNextpage•Violationcomplaint-ArticleXXIII:1(a)违反之诉–Thefailureofanothermembertocarryoutitsobligation–resultingin“nullificationorimpairmentofabenefit•一缔约方未履行协定的义务而致使其他缔约方利益受损或使总协定目标的达到受到防碍的情况•Non-violationcomplaint-ArticleXXIII:1(b)(c)非违反之诉–TheapplicationofamemberbyaMember–Theexistenceofabenefitaccruingundertheapplicableagreement–Thenullificationorimpairmentofabenefitasaresultoftheapplicationofthemeasure.•一缔约方的措施即使不与协定相冲突或存在其他情况，只要是对另一缔约方依协定享有的利益造成“丧失或减损”，也构成提起申诉的条件TypesofcomplaintsAsaresult,thedisputesettlementSystemcanbeinvoked争端解决谅解（DSU）•AppliedtodisputesunderWTOAgreement,MultilateralAgreementsonTradeinGoods,GATS,TRIPS,DSU,TPRMandPlurilateralTradeAgreements•ConflictofRulesandprocedureofDSUandspecialoradditionalrulesprocedureofindividualagreements:latteroneprevail适用于各成员根据世界贸易组织下列各协定、协议所提起的争端当DSU规则和程序与有关协定所包括的争端解决的特别和附加程序发生冲突，则后者优先适用4.2Coverage:goods,servicesandIPArt1.1-1.2,AppendixIofDSU,•Consultation（磋商）•Panelexamination（专家组审理）•Appellatereview（上诉机构审理）•Implementation(裁决的执行）•Incaseofnon-implementation-Retaliation（授权报复）–Compensation(补偿)–SuspendConcession(中止减让)4.3ProceduresArt4-22,AppendixIIIofDSU,Howlongtosettleadispute——Stricttime-limitsArticle4Consultations1.Me