制度系统演化的渐进式与突变式

11[]19901996199669()12380-904607015/11221111994126----11a11a40a-4202anana4440a2240n0411n04116-8-17f(a)F(a)aF(a)a--F(a)aaF(a)*1aa11f(a)f(a)20F(a)10F(a)*F(a)16-8-2F(a)*=1aF(a)*1||F(a)*||F(a)*F(a)*1128090381911011124136-8-3ABCDEAEBEDBECA226-8-322260705147022151620801987123171222,19791984198719926182219MttZttMt=f(Zt,Mt-1)Zt=g(Mt-1,Zt-1)MtZt12202122232411994199422Liplon,D.Sachs,J.1990:CreatingaMarketEconomyinEasternEurope:TheCaseofPoland,BrookingsPapersonEconomicActinity,11,75-147.Sachs,J.1992:PrivatizationinRussia:SomeLessonsfromEasternEurope,AmericanEconomicReview(May),43-48.31994199419971997.4.24-31.19981998.5.13-26.19991999.5.3135.19991999.4.1114.[]20002000.5420002000.2.519931993.919961996.17619981998.3.15-2219951995.9[]1996199919993137UlrichWitt(1989):TheevolutionofeconomicinstitutionsasapropagationprocessINPublicchoice62:155-172,198981996951996.12.19951995:,1995.7919971997.1110McmillanandNaughton,HowtoReformaplannedEconomy:LessonsfromChina,OxfordReviewofEconomicPolicy,Vol.8,No.1,1992.19931993.91998199827511[]199920002000.31220002000.31319961996.11[]R19991999827[]20002000.614[]R199919991415[]20002000.516[]1996199919993121719981998.3.15-221819991999.3.9-1619991999.1081919981998.12.40-472019961996.42119991999.3.9-162219991999.62319931993.119931993.924W19961996.1126-9-1GDPJ*q901J*6-9-1xyx-yx/yyxxyxyx-yx/yx/yx-yxy105x-y5x/y2xy2014x-y6x/y10/71044404400444544250400000054005200----6-9-26-1-234303400343534050421002144214021----6-9-36-1-314101400141514050441004124412041----24202400242524050431003134313031----6-9-46-1-4----/----n----na--------annnaaaABGGA11ABBBAAABABABGG3GABGGG12ABGAB20804ABABGABGA13GBGBAAAGBBABAGAGA/B/ABAGABBAABBAG5an-,/AAAAAA14AAABAAABBABAABABBAABA50500102040020A1050AAA20AA101020AAC145oC245o156-9-56-9-5AA1.2.,450C1C2XYXYYX65016-q7-6-9-6XYS1S2S3S1S3XY75S2XS1YYS3XnXYS1S2S3S161000017S2002300S30000166-9-61[]R20002000189219911991.119911991319921992.44199119915[]L1989106-114619911991.119911991719971997.4.32361Witt(2)Hamilton(3)184567819789191UlrichWitt(1989):TheevolutionofeconomicinstitutionsasapropagationprocessINPublicchoice62:155-172,1989199819986119991999.1.8.4.2UlrichWitt(1989):TheevolutionofeconomicinstitutionsasapropagationprocessINPublicchoice62:155-172,19893Hamilton,WaltonH.(1932):InstitutionsINTheEconomicsofInstitutionsed.byGeoffreyM.Hodgson19934PaulD.Bush(1987):TheTheoryofInstitutionalChangeINJournalofEconomicIssuesVol.XXI,No.3.September1987.520002000.10.20.46[]R20002000227[]20002000468-471719981998282819981998129199819988712203119991999.3.6877220002000.23[]1995,1997:1997.12.[]200120013921ABABA23200221194ABABBA---n56-11-1TAT1BCT2BDCBT3BDET3EFT2T3ABFFGBFGBCDET2GBT3F6-11-1T1T2T3T6-11-12211992199219931993419942[]1996199919992713[]199619991999264419961996415EirikG.FurubotnRudolfRichter·G.19971998199818UlrichWitt(1989):TheevolutionofeconomicinstitutionsasapropagationprocessINPublicchoice62:155-172,1989PaulD.Bush(1987):TheTheoryofInstitutionalChangeINJournalofEconomicIssuesVol.XXI,No.3.September1987.Hamilton,WaltonH.(1932):InstitutionsINTheEconomicsofInstitutionsed.byGeoffreyM.Hodgson1993Liplon,D.Sachs,J.1990:CreatingaMarketEconomyinEasternEurope:TheCaseofPoland,BrookingsPapersonEconomicActinity,11,75-147.Sachs,J.1992:PrivatizationinRussia:SomeLessonsfromEasternEurope,AmericanEconomicReview(May),43-48.[]19891989[]L1989[]18991981[]199019961996·G.199719981998[]R19991999[]R19991999[]1995,1997:1997.1-2.[]199619991999[]2001200123[]199920002000.3[]20002000.6[]20002000[]R20002000[]20002000.519911991.1199119911992199219931993.419921992.419931993.8.19981998.120002000.319931993.119931993.919941994199419941994199519951995.919961996.119961996.51996199619961996.819961996.111996951996.12.14-2019961996(1997)1997.2.687319971997.4.323619971997.4.24-31.19981998.5.13-26.19971997.111998199819981998.3.15-221998:SNA1998.6.12.19981998.6.12.2419981998.8.19981998.1119981998121998199819991999.1.8.4.19991999.2.19991999.3.19991999.3.68-7719991999.4.11-14.19991999.5.31-35.19991999.1020002000.220002000.320002000.420002000.520002000.10.20.425