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2005年Text1①Everybodylovesafatpayrise.②Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.③Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.④Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.⑤ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.①Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.②Theylookcute.③Theyaregood-natured,cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.④Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.①SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.deWaal'sstudy.②Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.③Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.④However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.①Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).②Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.③Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.④Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.①Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.②Inthewild,theyareacooperative,group-livingspecies.③Suchcooperationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.④Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.⑤Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.⑥However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.2005年21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby__________.[A]posingacontrast[B]justifyinganassumption[C]makingacomparison[D]explainingaphenomenon22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lines5-6,Paragraph1)impliesthat__________.[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare__________.[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget[B]attentivetoresearchers'instructions[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys__________.[A]prefergrapestocucumbers[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings[C]willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheated[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.2005年Text2①Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?②Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?③Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?④LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.①Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.②ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.③Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.④ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.⑤Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”①Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.②Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.③Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.①Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.②Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.③Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”①Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.②Butresearchaloneisinadequate.③IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptob