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StartBackgroundTextcomprehensionProlongationothers？QuestionVocabularyBackgroundTextcomprehensionExtendothers？QuestionVocabulary•BornJuly7,1933(age81)•Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,U.S.•OccupationHistorian,author•NationalityAmerican•Period1968–present•GenreHistory•NotableworksThePathBetweentheSeas•(1977),Truman(1992),JohnAdams•(2001)•SpouseRosaleeIngramBarnesMcCullough•(1954–present)•ChildrenFiveDavidGaubMcCulloughYouthandeducation•McCulloughwasborninPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,thesonofRuthandChristianHaxMcCullough.HeisofScots-Irishdescent.HewaseducatedatLindenAvenueGradeSchoolandShadySideAcademy,inhishometownofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.[6]Oneoffoursons,McCulloughhadamarvelouschildhoodwithawiderangeofinterests,includingsportsanddrawingcartoons.McCullough'sparentsandhisgrandmother,whoreadtohimoften,introducedhimtobooksatanearlyage.Hisparentsoftentalkedabouthistory,atopichesaysshouldbediscussedmoreoften.McCulloughlovedschool,everyday;hecontemplatedmanycareerchoices,rangingfromarchitect,actor,painter,writer,tolawyer,andattendedmedicalschoolforatime.•In1951,McCulloughbeganattendingYaleUniversity.[8]HesaidthatitwasaprivilegetostudyEnglishatYalebecauseoffacultymemberssuchasJohnO'Hara,JohnHersey,RobertPennWarren,andBrendanGill.[9]McCulloughoccasionallyatelunchwiththePulitzerPrize-winning[10]novelistandplaywrightThorntonWilder.[9]Wilder,saysMcCullough,taughthimthatacompetentwritermaintainsanairoffreedominthestoryline,sothatareaderwillnotanticipatetheoutcome,evenifthebookisnon-fiction.Personallife•DavidMcCulloughlivesinBostonandismarriedtoRosaleeBarnesMcCullough,whomhemetatage17inPittsburgh.Thecouplehasfivechildrenandeighteengrandchildren.Heenjoyssports,historyandart,includingwatercolorandportraitpainting.•HissonDavidJr.,anEnglishteacheratWellesleyHighSchoolintheBostonsuburbs,achievedsuddenfamein2012withhiscommencementspeech.Hetoldgraduatingstudents,you'renotspecialninetimes,andhisspeechwentviralonYouTube.WorksTitleYearAwardsTheJohnstownFlood1968TheGreatBridge1972ThePathBetweentheSeas1977•NationalBookAward–1978•FrancisParkmanPrize–1978•SamuelEliotMorisonAward–1978•CorneliusRyanAward–1978MorningsonHorseback1981•NationalBookAward–1982[27][a]BraveCompanions1992Truman1992•PulitzerPrizeforBiographyorAutobiography–1993•TheColonialDamesofAmericaAnnualBookAward–1993•FrancisParkmanPrizeJohnAdams2001•PulitzerPrizeforBiographyorAutobiography–2002[31]17762005•AmericanCompassBestBook–2005IntheDarkStreetsShineth:A1941ChristmasEveStory2010TheGreaterJourney2011•Tomehistoryoughttobeasourceofpleasure.Itisn'tjustpartofourcivicresponsibility.Tomeit'sanenlargementoftheexperienceofbeingalive,justthewayliteratureorartormusicis.•–DavidMcCulloughQuestion•Question1:•Whydoyouthinkitisquiteimportanttoknowthehistoryofone’sowncountry?•(Becausethehistoryofone’sowncountryshowsanation)•Question2:•Intheauthor’sopinion,whatdoeshistoryshow?•(Thehistoryshowsuswhysomeeventshavehappenedandwhateffectstheyhavebroughtitis.)•Question3:•Whatdoestheauthoragreethatit’sonewaytomakehistoryalive?•(Theauthoragreesthatonewaytomakehistoryaliveistolet•Childrenenjoyhistoryintheformofstories.)•Exercise1:Translation:historyis——orshouldbe——thebedrockofpatriotism,notchest-poundingkindofpatriotismbuttherealthing,loveofcountry(历史是——或者说应该是——爱国主义的基石，倒不是那种捶胸顿足的爱国主义，而是那种实实在在的对国家的爱。)•Exercise2:Translation:不管你怎样争辩，我将坚持我的决定。（holdto）(Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.)Doweneedtolearnhistory?Why?TheImportanceofLearningHistory•1.Historyisapartofculture.Throughlearninghistory,wecanappreciatethecultureofacountry,aswellasthehistoryofitsdevelopment,sothatwecanunderstandournationbetter.•2.Historylearninghelpsustomakecorrectdecisionandavoidsomemistakeswhichwehadmadeinthepast.•3.Learninghistorycangetusacquaintedwithallkindsofheroesandheroines,teachingustobebrave.•4.ReadingclassicalworksofhistoryisgoodforustolearntheChineselanguage.Somemoviesabouthistory•1.TROY•2.TheFoundingofARepublic•3.Schindler'sList•4.TheShawshankRedemptionTextcomprehensionThefirstparagraphtothethirdparagraphtointroduceAmericanstudentsthroughthewayofexaminationlecturesandlackofhistoricalknowledgeandthestatusquoisthehistoryoftheUnitedStatestoday.Thefourthparagraphtothesixthparagraph:lackofhistoryknowledgeincreasinglyyoungeragTheseventhandeighthparagraphismainlyaboutthemeaningofhistoryandtheimportanceofhistory,historyistherootofthestudyandlife.Paragraphninetytellsthestoryofthelessonsofhistory,historycanbringbenefits,soshouldnotdisregardforhistory,tocherishthehistorye,isalsomoreandmoreserious.Theeleventh,twelfthandthirteenthismainlythroughtheauthorsownideasexpressedinthesocietytothesignificantchangesfromthehistorytofindouttheadaptedtomodernsociety,themethodofhistoryshouldcherish,tostudyhistory,whichmakeourlifemoreperfect。VocabularyIlliterate[英][ɪ'lɪtərət][美][ɪˈlɪtərɪt]复数：illiteratesadj.目不识丁的，文盲的;Someonewhoisilliteratedoesnotknowhowtoreadorwrite.文盲的n.目不识丁者;文盲;无知;N-COUNTAnilliterateissomeonewhoisilliterate.文盲illiterate和illiteracy有什么区别两者最大的区别是一个用来描述事，一个用来描述人。literacy是一个用以描述“文盲”这个事实(而非人)的概括性名词。literate亦指“文盲”，处可作为形容人(而非事)的形容词外，在口语中也