制度的均衡与演化原因

1ABIaIbAIaIbIaIbBIaIbIaIbIbIaIbIa4-3IbCIaIbIaCIaIaIb,C21IaIbIaIbIaIbIa4400Ia4400Ia2410Ib0044Ib0033Ib0142ABC5-1-11MnY*KK1KnYKhKh,MM101,Y*KYKhh=1,,mk=1,,n3B1,B142nii=12ngjGjnnN={G1G2Gn}NNNNNNN*/31[]L.E.D.C19911991[]C19901994199411519931993.3.19931993.3219991999.3.68773[]20012001834[]200120012251425nA43,B61n22CBB65nB20C51ABC1=6-52=6-4O1ananana3422a1622a1522n2211n2211n0211ABC5-2-1EsABABCs0/,0/,0/),,,(∂∂∂∂∂∂=SSSSSSCEBEAECBAfECSCS3(4)65671.82.3.4.ABABhABAghgBAABBhABABAB9B5517ABABA2,20,3A2,20,0B3,01,1B0,01,1ababbAABm[CAB]AB∫∞−trtAdtety)(∫∞−trtBdtety)(m[CAB]∫∞−trtBdtety)(∫∞−trtAdtety)(10ABCCAB111213148151GeoffreyM.Hodgson(1993):IntruductionINTheEconomicsofInstitutionsed.byGeoffreyM.HodgsonPublishedbyEdwardElgarPublishingLimited.219981998.8.3[]200120012372384198012519991999.1.434819981998.1.20002000.4620002000.27[]C19901994199092-948GaryD.Libecap1998G.19989[]1996,1999199927027110[]2000200047811[]1995,19971997.12.[]2000200047612[]C1981199119912513[]1996,199919998114[]1996,199919993081520012001296-2999128060-70()1037860-704197820180111921356719781978abcd8bcd129101112119991999.10.1.4219991999.120002000.4319991999.2.2325419991999101519961996306[]1995,19971997.12.719991999.1.33-388[]C19901994199463-64920012001.210[]C19901994131994611119961996271220002000.5y1y2dy1/dt0,d2y1/dt20;dy1/dt0,d2y1/dt20t0tLtLdy2/dt0,d2y2/dt20;dy2/dt0,d2y2/dt20t0tLtLy1y2ttab5-4-1ab1412/5-4-2153,455AB16ABABA5522A6667B2200B761010BABBAAB6177819192020JohnDeweyE.(ClarenceE.Ayres)J.FaggFoster,WilliamDugger.MarcTool(9)1810111213141516191718CAyres192021aa20babABABb5-4-3222324252621272829583031312223334345361[]W1990,19981998.619981998.62[]E.R1991199127319991999.1.74784[]C1981199119917235200120012842856[]20012001237199419941748[]1989198968-739PaulD.Bush(1987)TheTheoryofInstitutionalChangeINJournalofEconomicIssuesVol.XXI,No.3September1987.101994199411[]2000200005706012[]19961999199927313[]20002000485-48914[]20002000465-4681519971997.4.3236[]20002000472-47316[]198719874617[]R20002000188182000200128829219A19892000D2000[]C19901994199013820[]C19811991199116621[]T.W.1991199122[]C1990199419901122319991999.10.2419971997.325[]C198119911991524[]C1990199419941492620002000.427199619962219991999.2.23252819891991199119991999.2.23-2529PaulD.Bush(1987)TheTheoryofInstitutionalChangeINJournalofEconomicIssuesVol.XXI,No.3September19873019961996223119891991199132[]R2000200022733[]199619991999293419941994351994199426036[]198219991500199968-691.2.3.25ABCABCABCBCBCABCBCABCABC1949197860809078WaltonH.Hamilton(1932):InstitutionsINTheEconomicsofInstitutionsed.byGeoffreyM.Hodgson1993.PublishedbyEdwardElgarPublishingLimited.26GeoffreyM.Hodgson(1993):IntruductionINTheEconomicsofInstitutionsed.byGeoffreyM.HodgsonPublishedbyEdwardElgarPublishingLimited.PaulD.Bush(1987)TheTheoryofInstitutionalChangeINJournalofEconomicIssuesVol.XXI,No.3September1987.[]L.E.D.C19911991[]E.R1991[]19891989[]19871987[]T.W.1991[]W1990,19981998.6[]C199019941990[]C198119911991[]R20002000[]20002000[]1995,19971997.12.20012001[]199619991999D200019801980121991199119931993.3.19931993.319941994199619961996199619971997.4.323619971997.319981998.1.19981998.6.19981998.8.G.199819991999.1.74-7819991999.1.434819991999.1.33382719991999.119991999.2.232519991999.3.687719991999.3.869019991999.10.19991999.10.1.420002000.420002000.420002000.420002000.5200120012001.228