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Lecture16TheModernPeriod(IV)ⅠTeachingContentWilliamGolding;DorisLessingⅡTimeAllotment2periodsⅢTeachingObjectivesandRequirements1HelpthestudentsknowaboutWilliamGolding.2HelpthestudentsknowclearlyaboutDorisLessing.3HelpthestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofAWomanonaRoof.ⅣKeyPointsandDifficultPointsinTeaching1DorisLessing2AWomanonaRoofⅤTeachingMethodsandMeansLecture;Discussion;Multi-mediaⅥTeachingProcess1WilliamGolding(1911-1993)●HewasaBritishnovelist,poet,playwrightandNobelPrizeforLiteraturelaureate,bestknownforhisnovelLordoftheFlies.HewasalsoawardedtheBookerPrizeforliteraturein1980forhisnovelRitesofPassage,thefirstbookofthetrilogyTotheEndsoftheEarth.●HisfirstbookLordoftheFliesestablishedhimasarisingstaronthesceneandpavedthewayforhimtowintheNobelPrizein1983.Inlateryears,GoldingwrotequiteafewstoriesalongroughlythesamelineasLordoftheFlies.Thestoriesareusuallysetinaplacefarfrom“theoldworld”:eitheronawildisland,oronarockintheAtlantic,orinaprimitiveworld,oramedievaltown.●Golding’sthemeisthedarkside—orevil—ofhumannature.●Goldingprefershisstorytobecalled“afable”,aveiledstoryaboutthetruthofhumanexistence.●HisLordoftheFliesisthemostadequateillustrationofthedarksideorevilofhumannature.Insteadofcreatingandreplicatingtheircivilizedwayoflifeinanew,bleakenvironmentasRobisonCrusoedoes,theboysoftheLordofFliesrepeatsthedark,tragicsideofhumanhistoryoftyranny,violence,fanaticism,intolerance,andconfrontation.Thirstyforpowerandblood,resortingtobarbaricritualsandsuperstitions,theyfightandkilltheeachother,thusrevealingthenakedheartofdarknessthatexistsatthecenteroftheirbeings.“TheLordofFlies”isthedevilfigure,thesourceofevil,andthestoryoftheLordofFliesisjustaboutthedevilthatlivesinallhuman.2DorisLessing(1919-)2.1GeneralIntroduction●DorisLessingisoneofthemostsuccessfulprolificBritishnovelistsoftherecentdecades.Shewasawardedthe2007NobelPrizeinLiterature.ShewasdescribedbytheSwedishAcademyas“thatepicistofthefemaleexperience,whowithscepticism,fireandvisionarypowerhassubjectedadividedcivilizationtoscrutiny”.(女性经验的史诗作者，以其怀疑的态度、激情和远见，清楚地剖析了一个分裂的文化”)ShewastheeleventhwomanandtheoldesteverpersontoreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.●Basicallyarealist,Lessingtookinterestinwritinginthemythicmodeinthe1970s.Inthe1980ssherevertedbacktotherealisticmode.Sincethe1990sshehasbeenwritingagoodnumberofshortstories.●Lessing’sthemesarewideandvaried:socialproblems,politicalconcerns,racialquestions,andfeministviewsonlifeandloverelationships,butshefocusesmostlyonblack-whiterelationsandonthelifeofthewomaninamale-orientedworld.●Lessing’smajorworksincludethefivenovelsofherChildrenofViolenceseries,TheGrassisSinging,TheGoldenNotebook,BriefingforaDescentintoHell,CanopusinArgos:Archives,TheDiariesofJaneSomers,TheFifthChild,andmanyvolumesofshortstoriessuchasAManandTwoWoman.●Lessing’sbestknownbookishernovel,TheGoldenNotebook,whichisaboutamiddle-agedwoman’sexperienceinman’sworld.ThecharacterizationofAnnaisafeatinfiction,beautifullydonethroughthemediumofthefournotebooksandthesupportiveportraitofMolly.Thenovelisstructurallyintriguing.Itreadslikeanovelistwritingaboutanovelist,withstorieswithinthestoryandnovelswithinthenovel.(SeeChangYaoxin,503-504)2.2AWomanonaRoof2.2.1StoryAwomanwasenjoyingsunbathingontheroof,whicharousedthenoticeofthreeworkmen(Harry,StanleyandTom).Andthethreemenontheroofwereseduced.Andforseveraldays,theykeptchasingherandtalkingabouther.Theytriedanymethodtodrawthewoman’sattention.However,thesunbathingwomantotallyignoredthem—beingindifferenttotheirwolfwhistle,aswellaslittleTom’sconfession.Thethreemenwereallangryandanguishedbecauseofthewoman’sutterindifferencetothem.2.2.2Characters●Theunnamedwoman:bold,straightforward,revolutionary,charming,free,leisure,disdainfulofthemen’sharassment●Harry:theoldestofthethreemen,calm,rational,responsible,humorous,angrywiththewoman●Stanley:themiddle-agedoneofthethreemen,sharp,dominant,unbridled,hot-tempered,hardonhiswifeandthewoman,blindangrywiththewoman,attractedbythewoman,acontradictoryunity●Tom:theyoungestofthethreemen,adreamyboy,excited,innocent,enthusiastic,losthimselfinhisillusion,impulsive,romantic,lackofself-control,depressedaboutthewoman’sdecisivenesstorefusehimandtheimpassableclassgapbetweenhimandthewoman,resentfulofthewoman2.2.3Themes●ConflictbetweenmanandwomanManhasastrongdesireofcontrolofwomanandwomanhasastrongdesireofbreakingawayfromthecontrolofman.Manshowsprejudiceagainstwoman.Inthetexture,thedesireofcontrolisrepresentedinthreemanifestations.◆Thefirstmanifestationexistsinmen’scharmtofascinatewomen.Thenovelusesthecommonwordstodescribethelifeofcommonpeople,toreflecttheircommonbehaviorandtoexpresstheircommoninterestinbeautifulwoman.Threemenareindeedtemptedbythewoman,onlythewhistleappearing7timesinthetexture,especiallyStanley.Hiswhistleoryellsorstampingorswearingnevergainstheactiveresponsefromwoman.Atlasthisreactiontothewoman’sindifferenceisfrom“addingajest”toreallyangryandgoinghome,hiswhistlesfrom“wolfwhistle”toprovocation.Woman’sremoteandcooleyesightinjuryhisself-esteemthathewasconfidentathisappearanceandassurednowoman