HermanMelville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔TheAmericanShakespeareMainPointsLifeExperiencesMainThoughtsMajorWorksWritingStyleLifeExperiencesHermanMelville(August1,1819–September28,1891)葬于纽约布隆克斯木草坪墓园(WoodlawnCemetery)•赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在1819年出生于美国纽约,是家中的第三个孩子。他的父系、母系祖先分别是苏格兰及荷兰的望族,随后移民美国,祖父托马斯·梅尔维尔(ThomasMelvill,曾参加波士顿茶叶事件)及外祖父曾参加美国独立战争,在社会上有一定的威望,父亲艾伦·梅尔维尔是唯一神教派基督徒,赫尔曼·梅尔维尔及其兄弟姐妹则从其母系所信奉的长老会。•梅尔维尔从1830年10月至1831年10月就读于奥尔巴尼学院,他从1836年10月至1837年3月间于该学校学习许多文学经典。MelvillemarriedElizerbethShaw,thedaughterofawealthyjudge.Tosupportherandtheirgrowingfamily,hehadtowriteformoney,whichwasdifficultforanyAmericanaboutthattime,andespeciallysoforadevotedliteraryartistlikehim.MarriageDuringthesummerof1890MelvilleandHawthornemetandbecamegoodfriends.Theysharedsimilarideasandopinionsonmostkindsoffields.•EspeciallyagainstthebackgroundofTranscendentaloptimism,MelvilleagreeswithHawthorne’sBlackness---theevilatthecoreoflife.•―Evilinlifeandthehumansoulhelpmakelifeandmanbetter。•―Toscalegreatheights,wemustcomeoutofthelowestdepths.Thewaytoheavenisthroughhell.Weneedfierybaptisminthefierceflameofourbosoms.(凤凰涅槃浴火重生)HisfriendshipwithHawthorne•Hewasavoraciousreader.[vɔ'reiʃəs]•Emerson,Hawthorne,ThomsCarlyle,Shelley,ThomasBrowne,Lyell'sGeology,andShakespearwereatthetopofhisreadinglist.赖尔的《地质学原理》•CarlyleandHawthorne'ssymbolismfascinatedhim.ForEmerson,hehadmixedfeelingsofrespectandrepulsion.[rɪ'pʌlʃ(ə)n]反感MainThoughts•Heisnotapolitician,buthehastheinnatesensitivityofpolitics;headmirestherebirthofAmericabutdisagreeswiththeconstantterritorial[,tɛrə'tɔrɪəl]expansion(领土扩张).•Heinsiststheviewofself-relianceaffectedbyEmerson.•Hebelievestheuniversality(普遍性)ofevilandobjectstothetranscendentalistoptimism.Heispessimistic[,pɛsɪ'mɪstɪk](悲观的)fortheprogressofsocietyandinjectsatragedycolorintoAmericanliterature.Melville’sworks1)Earlyworks:Omoo《欧穆》Typee《泰比》Mardi《马尔迪》Redburn《雷德本》WhiteJacket《白外套》Moby-Dick《白鲸》(《莫比.迪克》)2)Lateworks:Pierre《皮埃尔》BillyBudd《比利.巴德》ConfidenceMan《欺诈者》masterpieceMoby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Moby-Dick(白鲸)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.(散文体史诗)Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism1)LanguagefeaturesMoby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.(1)Symbolism(2)Melville’sgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologica(叙事)powerarefused(溶为一体)tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmael[ˈiʃmeiəl](圣经)以赛玛利,被遗弃的人,社会公敌bothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude(重要性).(4)Themanipulation(操纵)ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation(思索)makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphony(['sɪmfənɪ]序曲)withallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.styleofwriting主要写作风格为哥特式的浪漫主义,大量运用讽喻和怀疑论,以现代主义,荒诞主义以及存在主义为先导。•梅尔维尔身前没有引起应有的重视,在20世纪二十年代声名鹊起,被普遍认为是美国文学的巅峰人物之一。《白鲸》直到出版后七十年,才获得社会大众广泛的重视。•赫尔曼·梅尔维尔是美国最伟大的小说家之一,也是美国象征主义文学大师。他不仅是小说家,而且还是一位卓越的哲学家和诗人,他以极其敏锐的目光关注着自己生活的时代及其社会变迁。•英国作家毛姆认为他的《白鲸》是世界十大文学名著之一,其文学史地位更在马克·吐温等人之上。梅尔维尔也被誉为美国的“莎士比亚”。