量子计算的并行性及其哲学意义

1(Feynman)19821985Deutsch,Turing1994Shor(discretelogarithm)1995Grover,[e-mail]13834676556[1]101(Bit)NNNN(Qubit)01010110baq+=122=+ba10110100321012ccccqq+++=⊗=Ψ22Hilbert00011011NN021qqqNN⊗⊗⊗=Ψ−−ΨN2HilbertN2∑−==Ψ120Niiic11202=∑−=NiicN012−N,NN2N,2,xxfUxfxU==−)()(1NN2N2[2]3NN2NNNN101101003210cccc+++=Ψ0001111020c21c22c23cN2N,,,[3]K1/KAmdahl1967[4]PSpTsTKS(K)T(1)KT(K)KTTTTKTTKSpsps++==)()1()(∞→K,spspsTTTTTS+=+=∞1)(NN2qtct()qcNttKS2=cqtt=()NKS2=NK2=NNpppspsNTTKTTTTKTTKS2200)()1()2(=++=++===N2[5][6]ShorGroverShor[7]-[1][J]()2002(1)84[2][3][J].2001(10)11581162[4][5]BartD’Hooghe,JaroslawPykacz.QuantumMechanicsandComputation,FoundationsofScience[J],2004(9).399,400[6]NielsenMA,ChuangI.L.Quantumcomputationandquantuminformation[M],Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,2000.29[7]V.Cerny,Quantumcomputersandintractable(NP-complete)computingproblems,PhysRevA,1993,(1):116119TheParallelismofQuantumComputationandItsPhilosophySignificanceAbstract:AsacombinationscienceofQuantumMechanicsandcomputationscience,quantumcomputationhasbeenconcernedextensivelybymanyphysicistsandcomputerscientistsanddeepprogresshasbeenmadeintherecentpast30years.Thearticlestartswithabriefintroductionofthequantumcomputingprocess,thencomparesthedifferencesbetweenquantumparallelcomputationandclassicalparallelcomputation,andpointsoutthephilosophicalsignificanceabouttheparallelismofquantumcomputationintheend.Keywords:quantumcomputation;quantumlogicalgate;quantummeasurement;parallelcomputation