分析化学——配位滴定习题课

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分析化学习题课分析化学教研室配位滴定法习题练习1.计算pH5时,EDTA的酸效应系数及对数值,若此时EDTA各种型体总浓度为0.02mol/L,求[Y4-]解:6.69.06.107.275.224.634.10306.107.275.224.634.102507.275.224.634.102075.224.634.101524.634.101034.105)(101010101010101010101010101HYLmolYYHY/1071002.0]'[][960.6)(练习2.在0.10mol/L的AL3+溶液中,加入F-形成ALF63-,如反应达平衡后,溶液中的F-浓度为0.01mol/L,求游离AL3+的浓度?解:1961951741531126136109.6,103.2,106.5100.1,104.1,104.1的累积稳定常数分别为已知ALF3152116)(01.0100.101.0104.101.0104.11FAL61951941701.0109.601.0103.201.0106.59100.9LmolCALFALAL/101.1100.910.0][119)(3练习3.在pH=11.0的Zn2+-氨溶液中,[NH3]=0.10mol/L,求αM解:500.446.900.331.700.281.400.137.2)(101.3101010101010101013NHZn5)()0(105.24.5lg11OHZnHZnpH,5)()(106.513OHZnNHZnZn练习4.计算pH=2和pH=5时,ZnY的条件稳定常数解:45.6lg551.13lg2)()(时,;时,查表可知:HYHYpHpH50.16lgZnYK查表)(HYZnYZnYKKlglglg'99.251.1350.16lg2'ZnYKpH时,05.1045.650.16lg5'ZnYKpH时,练习5.计算pH=5的0.1mol/L的ALF63-溶液中,含有0.01mol/L游离F-时,ALY-的条件稳定常数解:45.6lg5)(时,查表可知:HYpH95.9)100.9lg(lg9)(FAL根据前面结果1.16lgALYK查表知3.095.945.61.16lg'ALYK练习6.在NH3-NH4CL缓冲溶液中(pH=9),用EDTA滴定Zn2+,若[NH3]=0.10mol/L,并避免生成Zn(OH)2沉淀,计算此条件下的lgK’ZnY解:)()('lglglglg3HYNHZnZnYZnYKK49.5lg101.3)(5)(33NHZnNHZn28.1lg109)(28.1)(HYHYpH50.16lgZnYK查表73.928.149.550.16lg'ZnYK所以练习7.EBT为有机弱酸,其Ka1=10-6.3,Ka2=10-11.6,Mg-EBT络合物的稳定常数KMg-EBT=107.0,Mg-EDTA的稳定常数KMg-EDTA=108.64。当pH=10.0时(1)求Mg-EBT络合物的条件稳定常数?(2)用方程式表明EDTA滴定镁时,铬黑T指示剂的作用原理。解:8.40][][1110211221aaaaaHInKKHKHKKpH时4.88.40lg0.7lglglg)('HInEBTMgEBTMgKK滴定前EBT+Mg→Mg-EBT(显配合体颜色)滴定终点Y+EBT-Mg→MgY+EBT(显游离体颜色)练习8.铬黑T与Mg2+的配合物的lgKMgIn为7.0,铬黑T的累计常数的对数值为lgβ1=11.6和lgβ2=17.9,试计算pH=10.0时铬黑T的pMgt值。解:6.19.17206.110.10221)(1010101][][1HHHIn4.56.10.7lglglg)('HInMgInMgIntKKpMg练习9.在pH=10的氨性缓冲溶液中,[NH3]=0.2mol/L,以2.0×10-2mol/L的EDTA滴定2.0×10-2mol/L的Cu2+溶液,计算化学计量点时的pCu’。如被滴定的是2.0×10-2mol/L的Mg2+溶液,计算化学计量点时的pMg’。解:LmolNHLmolCSPSPCu/10.0][/100.132,时,53523231)(][][][13NHNHNHNHCu36.99586.12432.13302.11298.731.410108.110.01010.01010.01010.01010.0101续前)(36.97.1)(1010,10OHCuOHCupH忽略时45.0lg10)(时又在HYpH)()('3lglglglgNHCuHYCuYCuYKK99.836.945.080.18续前0lg2MgMg时,已知滴定25.845.07.8lglglg')(HYMYMYKK13.5)25.800.2(21)lg(21''2MgYSPMgKpCpMg练习10.在pH10.0的氨性溶液中,用0.020mol/L的EDTA滴定同样浓度的Mg2+,计算以铬黑T为指示剂滴定到变色点pMgt时的TE%为多少?解:2.85.07.8lglglg)('HYMgYMYKK1.5)22.8(21)(lg21'SPMgMgYSPpCKpMg3.01.54.5speppMpMpM%1.0%TE练习11.在pH=10.00的氨性缓冲溶液中,以EBT为指示剂,用0.020mol/L的EDTA滴定0.020mol/L的Zn2+,终点时游离氨的浓度为0.20mol/L,计算终点误差。解:4.2lg45.0lg10)()(,时,已知OHZnHYpH68.65446.9331.7261.437.2)(101078.420.01020.01020.01020.01013NHZn68.64.268.6)()(101101013OHZnNHZnZn37.968.645.05.16lglglglg)('ZnHYZnYZnYKK69.5)237.9(21)(lg21'spZnZnYsppCKpZn续前2.12lg10EBTZnepKpZnpH时查表可知52.568.62.12lglglg''ZnEBTZnEBTZnepKKpZn17.069.552.5''speppZnpZnpZn练习12.在pH=10.00的氨性缓冲溶液中,以EBT为指示剂,用0.020mol/L的EDTA滴定0.020mol/L的Ca2+溶液,计算终点误差。如果滴定的是Mg2+溶液,终点误差是多少?解:45.0lg10)(时,已知HYpH69.10lgCaYK且12.6)224.10(21)(lg21'spCaCaYsppCKpCa4.5lgEBTCaK已知6.1lg10)(时,又HEBTpH8.36.14.5lglglg)('HEBTEBTCaEBTCaepKKpCa32.2speppCapCapCa%5.1%10010101010%24.1000.232.232.2TE续前2Mg如果滴定的是7.8lgMgYK25.845.07.8lglglg)(HYMgYMgYKK‘则1.5)225.8(21)(lg21'spMgMgYsppCKpMg0.7lgEBTMgK又4.56.10.7lglglg)('HEBTEBTMgMgYepKKpMg3.01.54.5speppMgpMgpMg%11.0%10010101010%25.800.23.03.0TE练习13.在pH=10.0,CNH3=0.47mol/L的氨性缓冲溶液中,以EBT作指示剂,用0.020mol/L的EDTA滴定0.020mol/LZn2+,计算终点误差?已知lgKZnY=16.5,pKb=4.75,lgαY(H)=0.45,lgαZn(OH)=2.4,lgK’ZnIn=12.9,Zn-NH3的lgβ1~lgβ4分别为2.37,4.81,7.81,9.46解:LmolKHKCNHaaNH/102.0101010247.0][][7.025.91025.9337.68.246.91.281.74.181.47.037.2)(101010101013NHZn7.64.27.6)()(101101013OHZnNHZnZn续前35.945.07.65.16lg'ZnYK7.5)235.9(21)(lg21'spZnZnYsppCKpZn2.67.69.12lglgZnEBTZnepKpZn‘5.07.52.6speppZnpZnpZn%06.0%10010101010%35.900.25.05.0TE练习14.浓度均为0.0200mol/L的Zn2+,Cd2+混合溶液,加入过量的KI用以掩蔽Cd2+,终点时[I-]为1.0mol/L,在pH=5.0时,以二甲酚橙作指示剂,用等浓度EDTA滴定其中的Zn2+,计算终点误差?已知:pH=5.0时lgαY(H)=6.45,lgK’Zn(XO)=5.7,lgKZnY=lgKCdy=16.5,CdI的lgβ1~lgβ4分别为2.10,3.43,4.95,5.41解:5.54433221)(10][][][][1IIIIICd依题可知LmolCdCdLmolCdICd/101010/]'[][/10]'[5.75.52)(2222续前0.95.75.162)(101010][1CdKCdYCdY)()()(1CdYCdYHYY5.70.95.16lglglg'YZnYZnYKK75.4)25.7(21)(lg21'spZnZnYsppCKpZn7.5lg0.5'XOZnepKpZnpH时已知95.075.47.5speppZnpZnpZn%6.1%10010101010%5.700.295.095.0TE所以续前15.浓度均为0.020mol/L的Hg2+,Cd2+混合溶液,欲在pH=6.0时,用等浓度的EDTA滴定其中的Cd2+,问:(1)用KI掩蔽其中的Hg2+使终点时[I-]为0.01mol/L,能否完全掩蔽?lgK’CdY多大?(2)已知二甲酚橙与Hg2+,Cd2+都显色,在pH=6.0时,lgK’HgIn=9.0,lgK’CdIn=5.5,能否用二甲酚橙作滴定Cd2+的指示剂?(3)滴定Cd2+时若用二甲酚橙作指示剂,终点误差为多大?已知:pH=6.0时lgαY(H)=4.65,lgKCdy=16.5,lgKHgY=21.7,HgI的lgβ1~lgβ4分别为12.87,23.82,27.60,29.833续前解:03.224433221)(10][][][][1IIIIIHg依题可知LmolHgHgLmolHgIHg/101010

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