国民党政府在抗战胜利后迅速崩溃的原因分析-舒文

舒文:全面内战爆发后国民党政府在三年内就失败而退出大陆,究其原因有各种各样,关键还在国民党本身存在的问题:在抗战后期国统区暴露出的严重社会危机,已经为其后来的失败留下隐患;抗战胜利后国民党对原沦陷区的劫收,构成人民对其极度反感;对东北地区接收的失利,使国民党政府丧失了控制全国局势的枢纽;违背渴求和平民主的民意,把全民推入水深火热的内战中,遭到社会各阶层的反对,从而使国民党政府成为孤家寡人;国民党军队在战略战术上的弱点,加速了国民党政府的垮台:国民党政府;社会危机;腐败;民心:舒文,清华大学人文社会科学学院副教授(北京100084),:,?,,,1946,3,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,;,,9320081(23)()No.S12008(Vol.23),1944250%,,,,,,,,,,,1:20,19441:542,,,,,,,,19446028,,,,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,1943,1800,68%,,,,,,,,,,19436,,,,,,,,,(),,94()(1937-1945),2005,460-463,2000,293-300,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,194588,,,,,,,,,,9,,,,,,,,,,,811,131/42(100),,,,,,,,,,10璈蒋经国杜律明等人负责,,,,,,,1012,,,,,,,95:(1937-1945),2005,464-467,1019,,,,11,,17,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,36,,,,,,,,,,,,1946626,,,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,,,96()3,1993,64(1945-1949),2005,51-59,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,19458,:,,,,,200:1,(,,),(,,,,,):,,,,,:?,:,,:,,!,,,19465?:,,,,,;,,,,97:(1945-1949),2005,86-891947,2002,6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,1949919,:,,,,,,,,,AnalysisoftheReasonsfortheImmediateDownfalloftheGovernmentReignedbyKuo-mintangAftertheSuccessoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanSHUWen(SchoolofHumanitiesandSocialSciences,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Afterthecompleteoutburstofcivilwar,thegovernmentreignedbyKuo-mintangwasde-featedwithinthreeyearsandretreatedfromthemainland.Thereweremanyreasonsforthat,andthemostcriticaloneliedintheproblemsinKuo-mintangitself:theseveresocialcrisesarisingfromthere-gionundertheruleofKuo-mintangatthelatterstageofthewarofresistanceagainstJapanlaiddownahiddendangerforitslaterfailure;AfterthesuccessofthewarofresistanceagainstJapan,Kuo-mintangrobbedtheformeroccupiedareas,andthisactionresultedintheextremehatredfromthemasses;thefailureintakingoverthenortheastregionledtoKuo-mintangsloseofthepivottocontrolthewholecountry;Kuo-mintangwentagainstpeopleswilloflongingforpeaceanddemocracy,involvedthepeo-pleinthediresufferingbywagingacivilwar,metwiththeoppositionfromwalksoflife,thusrenderingthegovernmentreignedbyKuo-mintangutterlyisolated;theweaknessinthestrategiesandtacticsoftheKuo-mintangarmyacceleratedthedownfallofthegovernmentreignedbyKuo-mintang;thecorrup-tioninKuo-mintangitselfcanbeviewedasthemostbasicreasonforitsimmediatedownfall.KeyWords:GovernmentReignedbyKuo-mintang;socialcrises;corruption;peoplessupport98()1947,2002,321949,2005,418-419