江西省公用IP电话网可行性研究报告一九九九年五月目录一、可行性研究的依据和范围1、依据····························································12、范围····························································2二、IP电话的现状、标准、发展及问题·································22.1IP电话的现状·····················································22.2IP电话标准······················································32.3IP电话的发展····················································62.4IP电话存在的问题················································8三、建设IP电话网必要性与可行性····································93.1建设IP电话网的必要性···········································93.2建设IP电话网的可行性··········································103.3简要结论·······················································11四、IP电话网建设方案··············································114.1总体方案························································114.2实验网业务类型·················································134.3网关及关守的设置方案···········································134.4实验网网路组织·················································164.5协议与信令·····················································244.6IP网关的同步···················································274.7号码与地址·····················································274.8基本业务流程···················································284.9基本通信过程···················································294.10拨号程序······················································314.11用户身份认证··················································314.12计费··························································344.13网络管理······················································354.14业务管理······················································364.15服务质量问题··················································364.16安全性························································38五、实验网容量、电路估算及能力要求·······························385.1IP电话网的容量及建设规模·······································385.2网关与IP网络互连带宽测算······································435.3IP网关的安装地点···············································445.4处理能力要求···················································445.5网络的建设规模·················································45六、设备配置及投资估算············································466.1网络节点结构···················································466.2设备配置························································476.3投资估算·······················································48七、工程进度安排··················································49八、工程组织及实施计划············································50九、人员培训·····················································50十、工程经济分析·················································51一、可行性研究的依据和范围1、依据(1)江西省数据通信局《关于委托进行江西省公用IP电话网工程可行性研究报告编制的函》(2)信息产业部信部[1998]403号《关于启用特服号“179”为公众多媒体通信网语音服务接入码的通知》(3)邮电部北京设计院1998年1月编制的《中国公用计算机互联网络(CHINANET)二期扩容工程可行性研究报告》(4)国际电信联盟组织ITU-TH323建议(5)部分相关部门、生产厂家及建设单位提供的文件资料2、范围本可研报告为江西省IP电话网工程可行性研究报告,主要包括如下内容:(1)IP电话的现状、标准、发展及问题(2)建设IP电话实验网的必要性及可行性(3)江西省公用IP电话网建设方案主要内容有:-IP电话网技术协议的选择-IP电话网的业务类型-网关及关守的设置方案-IP电话网的网路组织-协议与信令-IP网关的同步-号码与地址-拨号方式-基本业务流程和通信过程-用户身份认证方式-计费-网络及业务管理-网络服务质量和安全性(4)IP电话网的容量及能力测算(5)设备配置及投资估算(6)工程进度安排(7)工程组织和实施计划(8)工程经济分析二、IP电话的现状、标准、发展及问题2.1IP电话的现状当今的Internet不断地在变化着自己的位置,网络中流动的“比特”所代表的内容已从原来单纯的“数据”不断向“多种媒体”演变。网络中信息流量在不断增长,而基于Internet的各种业务的发展更是令人眼花。IP电话(VoiceoverIP,简写为VoIP)就是其中之一。IP电话技术的发展归功于技术推动和市场驱动。在过去的时间里,将语音转化成IP包的技术变得更为实用和便宜。另一方面,IP电话的核心元件之一数字信号处理器的价格在下降,这无疑也成为市场的催化剂。IP电话从90年代初发展至今,已由初期的IP电话软件时期进入到IP电话网关时期。网络设备、通信设备厂商竞相在这个市场中取得立足之地,将VoIP功能尽可能的内置到每个网络设备中,各种产品纷纷抢占市场。各家运营商亦纷纷开展这方面的业务。IP电话正走出实验室,进入网络,进入市场。目前的VOIP技术已从具有语音服务的PC初级产品和仅限定在IP网络内部范围发展到多业务、高可靠性以及较好服务质量的含话音、传真、数据传送功能的电信业务。目前通过IP电话网关(Gateway)来实现PSTN和Internet互通,从而实现PC到电话,电话到PC和电话之间的呼叫,并且话音通讯的质量也大大地得到改善,能够满足商用的要求。通过网关等设备组织的VOIP网络,以PSTN做为对用户的连接,用IP网络代替了昂贵的长途传输网络,从而大大的节省了通话费用。目前提供IP电话服务的运营商主要来自大的ISP以及电信公司,它们提供的服务包括IP话音和传真业务。Forrester研究公司预计1998年长途IP电话业务将会达到3千万美元,到2001年将达到10亿美元。IDC预测98年IP电话呼叫量为1.98亿分钟,并将会以每年220%的速度增长。下面列举几个提供IP电话业务公司的发展策略:-AT&T1997年11月在Intranet上进行了IP电话实验。1998年5月,在亚特兰大、波士顿和旧金山三个城市推出IP电话服务,准备在未来12至18个月内大面积开展IP电话业务。-BellAtlantic/GTE两家公司合并后资产高大530亿,将超过AT&T成为美国最大的通信公司。GTE的IP电话实验还仅限于公司内部,但将于1998年第4季度提供商用的IP传真业务。-VocalTecVocalTec宣布了“NextGen电话”计划,和几个ITSP达成了市场合作协议。该计划允许PC用户拨号到这些ITSP,并利用其网关连接到一台普通电话机。这一业务已在全世界很多地方提供,包括香港、莫斯科、巴黎、伦敦、东京、北京和美国的一些主要城市。-GlobalExchangeCarrier和11个ISP宣布要建立一个全球的网络,提供IP电话服务,覆盖国家包括美国、英国、瑞士、德国、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、韩国和以色列。目前除了直接提供IP电话业务的运营商之外,也出现了一些进行IP电话业务批售、交换和结算的运营者。前者在各地安装自己的网关设备,后者一般具有自己的可以通达全球的骨干网络和结算中心,它类似一种会员组织,负责为加入到其中的会员提供全球的IP电话的漫游和结算。提供这种服务的公司有ITXC、GRIC、VIPCalling等,通过加入这些组织便可以提供通达全球的IP电话服务。2.2IP电话标准2.2.1相关组织IP电话的国际标准化组织主要有国际电信联盟标准化部门ITU-T、欧洲电信标准协会(ETSI)、Internet工程任务组(IETF)和多媒体远程会议集团(IMTC)等。(1)ITU-TSG16国际电信联盟的SG16研究组主要从事多媒体终端和安全问题的研究,最主要的工作就是制定H.323系列建议。(2)ETSITIPHONE工程组该工程组的主要目标是规定一套业务互操作性要求,确定接口和功能方面的体系结构,对呼叫控制程序,信息流和协议进行规定,研究端到端服务质量参数,E.164地址与IP地址之间的转换,同时规定计费和安全方面的问题。TIPHONE工程组希望向各类网络运营者都提供面向业务的解决方案,其工作主要基于H.323系列建议和现有的电路交换网标准。(3)IETFIETF制订新的信令协议。包括会话初始协议(SIP),Internet和PSTN的网络互通。IETF的IPTEL工作组负责制定相关协议和杠架文件,包括呼叫处理语法等。该工作组还写出了一些业务模型文件,描述由呼叫处理语法实现的业务并讨论语法的使用方法。另外还包括网关属性分配协议等。(4)IMTCIMTC由来自北美、欧洲和亚太地区的150多个成员组成。宗旨是建