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中南大学考试题地理信息系统原理与应用一、选择题。（每空2分，共20分）1)ThespatialdatamodelofArcViewGISis(),SmallworldSystemis()A.SpaghettimodelB.TopologicalmodelC.Quadtreemodel2)TotheobjectsintheEuclideanplanewiththeusualtopology,topologicalpropertiesinclude().A.DistancebetweentwopointsB.ApointisontheexterioroftheregionC.Anareaisopen(excludesallitsboundary)D.Bearingofonepointfromanotherpoint3)GISmaybetheabbreviationofGeographicinformation()A.ServiceB.SurveyC.SystemD.Science4)Therearethreekindsofrelationshipofspatialentitiesasfollows,except()A.TopologicalrelationshipB.MetricrelationshipC.OrderrelationshipD.Directionrelationship5)()aren’tself-similarityfigure.A.EquilateraltriangleB.HexagonsC.IsoscelestriangleD.Squares6)Extendeddistancecomputationformulaisasfollow1/[()()]kkkijijdxxyy=-+-Whenk=(),thedistanceisManhattandistance.A.1B.2C.3D.47.TheEulernumberoffigureis().A.1B.2C.3D.4图18)InthedataqualitycomponentofSDTS,()referstotherelationshipdatabaseobjectsandtheabstractuniverseofallsuchobjects.A.PositionalaccuracyB.AttributeraccuracyC.LogicalconsistencyD.Completeness9)Delaunaytriangulationdoesnotmeet()A.Inthecircum-circle(外接圆)ofacertaintriangular,therearenoanyotherpointsofthediscretepointsetbesidethethreevector.B.Delaunaytriangulationisthedualofvoronoidiagram.C.Inthetriangularnetworks,theminangleofallDelaunaytriangularisthemaximum.D.MeettoEulerequality.Answer:1.AB2.BC3.ACD4.D5.BC6.A7.B8.D9.全部正确二、判断题.（10分）1.InTIN,allpointsthatareusedtodescribethegeometryofaterrainsituationwillbetreatedasnodes.()2.Self-similarityfigureincludesequilateraltriangles,hexagonsandsquares.()3.Invectormodel,foreachpairofnodesthereisatmost4edgesthatconnectsthemdirectly.()4.Invectormodel,anobjectmaybelongtomorethanonethematicclass.()5.Incadastralsystem,allsegmentsbordertwoparcelsexceptwhenthereisastreet.()6.Ambiguityoccurswhenthereisdoubtastohowaphenomenonshouldbeclassified.()7.4Imodeland9ImodelarepresentedbyGoodchild.()8.Theevolutionofasingleentityincludeappearance,disappearance,stability,expansion,contraction,deformation,successionandproduction.()9.Thetransferfromquadtreetosimplerasterstructureismoredifficultthanothercompressedmethods.()10.Quadtreecodecanrepresentedtheeventofacomplexpolygonwithholds.()1-5√×××√6-10√×××√三、简答题（20分）1)PleasewritedownthedefinitionofGIS,Entity,Object,Feature,Metadata.(每个3分，共15分)GIS:Definition1:GISisanacronymforGeographicInformationSystem(Science).GISisacomputersoftwaretoolusedforassembling,storing,anddisplayinggeographicalinformation.().Definition2:GISisagenerictermdenotingtheuseofcomputertocreateanddepictdigitalrepresentationsoftheEarth’surfaceEntity:Definition1:Primitivespatial(ornon-spatial)unitasperceived(existing)orconceived(projected)Definition2:Entitiesrefertothephenomenonthatcannotbesubdividedintolikeunits.Object:physicalrepresentationofanentity.Feature:acombinationofseveralentitiesmakingupacomplexunit.Metadata:Metadataisinformationaboutdataorotherinformation,whichisusedtodescribethecontent,quality,condition,andothercharacteristicsofdata.Metadatahelpapersontolocateandunderstanddata.2)pleasewritedownthefundamentalfunctionsofGIS(5分)1.GISDataacquisition:includingacquisitiondatabyGraphicdigitizer,Scanner,GPS,Photogrammetrysurvey,Mouse,andFieldsurvey.2.GISDatamanagement:includingthesupportofOSandDBMS,Geographiccoordinates,Spatialtransfer,Formattransfer,andDisplay.3.GISanalysis:computingfunction(distance,area,frequency),Query(mouse,attribute,keyboardSQL),Bufferanalysis(point,line,polygon,weight),Mapanalysis,DEManalysis,Netanalysis,Polygonoperation.4.Representation:Vectorstructure,Rasterstructure,TINstructure,Three-dimensionmodel,andothers.四、综合题（50分）1.试对图2所示的栅格数据按照如下压缩编码方法进行压缩编码，1）沿行方向的游程长度编码（5分）2）块码编码（5分）A)沿行方向的游程长度编码(code,length)：(0,1)(1,3)(2,4)(1,4)(2,4)(1,4)(3,4)(0,4)(3,2)(2,2)(0,4)(3,2)(2,2)(0,4)(3,4)(0,4)(3,2)(2,2)(0,5)(3,3)B)块码(i,j,r,code)(1,1,1,0)(1,2,3,1)(1,5,2,2)(1,7,2,2)(2,1,1,1)(3,1,1,1)(3,5,2,3)(3,7,1,3)(3,8,1,3)(4,1,4,0)(4,7,1,2)(4,8,1,2)(5,5,2,3)(5,7,1,2)(5,8,1,2)(6,7,1,3)(6,8,1,3)(7,5,1,3)(7,6,1,3)(7,7,1,2)(7,8,1,2)(8,1,1,0)(8,2,1,0)(8,3,1,0)(8,4,1,0)图2(8,5,1,0)(8,6,1,3)(8,7,1,3)(8,8,1,3)2．图3包括了三个面对象A、B、C，6个线对象a1、a2、a3、a4、a5、a7和N1、N2、N3、N4、N65个点对象。1）试用面条模型表达图3中的空间对象；（4分）2）试用点拓扑、弧拓扑、面拓扑来表达图3中的空间对象及其间的相互关系。（6分）注：1~17非题目编号，其顺序可自定。A）面条模型面文件：面坐标串（x,y）序列Aa1,a3,a5或自己标点号用坐标串的方式来表达。注意封闭。B(x6,y6)(x7,y7)(x8,y8)(x9,y9)(x10,y10)(x11,y11)(x12,y12)(x6,y6)C(x13,y13)(x14,y14)(x15,y15)(x16,y16)(x13,y13)01112222111122221111333300003322000033220000333300003322000003334121235611109813714161517线文件：线坐标串（x,y）a1(x2,y2)(x5,y5)(x6,y6)a2(x6,y6)(x7,y7)(x8,y8)(x9,y9)a3(x2,y2)(x1,y1)(x9,y9)a4(x2,y2)(x3,y3)(x4,y4)a5(x9,y9)(x10,y10)(x11,y11)(x12,y12)(x6,y6)a7(x13,y13)(x14,y14)(x15,y15)(x16,y16)(x13,y13)B）点拓扑：结点号弧N1a1,a3,a4N2a1,a2,a5N3a2,a3,a5N4a4N5a6N6a7面拓扑：面弧Aa1,a3,a5Ba2,a5,0,a6,0,a7Ca7Da6E图幅外区域弧拓扑：弧起点终点左多边形右多边形点号坐标串a1N1N2EA5x5,y5a2N2N3EB7,8x7,y7,x8,y8a3N1N3AE1x1,y1a4N1N4AA3x3,y3a5N3N2AB9,10,11,12x9,y9,x10,y10,x11,y11,x12,y12a6N5N5BB无无a7N6N6CC14,15,16x14,y14,x15,y15,x16,y163.试写出九交矩阵，并用其描述如图4所示的两个简单面目标间的4种空间拓扑关系类型。（10分）