Montreal-Convention

MontrealConventionCONVENTIONFORTHEUNIFICATIONOFCERTAINRULESFORINTERNATIONALCARRIAGEBYAIRTHESTATESPARTIESTOTHISCONVENTIONRECOGNIZINGthesignificantcontributionoftheConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesRelatingtoInternationalCarriagebyAirsignedinWarsawon12October1929;hereinafterreferredtoastheWarsawConvention,andotherrelatedinstrumentstotheharmonizationofprivateinternationalairlaw;RECOGNIZINGtheneedtomodernizeandconsolidatetheWarsawConventionandrelatedinstruments;RECOGNIZINGtheimportanceofensuringprotectionoftheinterestsofconsumersininternationalcarriagebyairandtheneedforequitablecompensationbasedontheprincipleofrestitution;REAFFIRMINGthedesirabilityofanorderlydevelopmentofinternationalairtransportoperationsandthesmoothflowofpassengers,baggageandcargo'inaccordancewiththeprinciplesandobjectivesoftheConventiononInternationalCivilAviation,doneatChicagoon7December1944;CONVINCEDthatcollectiveStateactionforfurtherharmonizationandcodificationofcertainrulesgoverninginternationalcarriagebyairthroughanewConventionisthemostadequatemeansofachievinganequitablebalanceofinterests;HAVEAGREEDASFOLLOWS:ChapterIGeneralProvisionsArticle1-ScopeofApplicationI.ThisConventionappliestoallinternationalcarriageofpersons,baggageorcargoperformedbyaircraftforreward.Itappliesequallytogratuitouscarriagebyaircraftperformedbyanairtransportundertaking.2.ForthepurposesofthisConvention,theexpressioninternationalcarriagemeansanycarriageinwhich,accordingtotheagreementbetweentheparties,theplaceofdepartureandtheplaceofdestination,whetherornottherebeabreakinthecarriageoratranshipment,aresituatedeitherwithintheterritoriesoftwoStatesParties,orwithintheterritoryofasingleStatePartyifthereisanagreedstoppingplacewithintheterritoryofanotherState,evenifthatStateisnotaStateParty.CarriagebetweentwopointswithintheterritoryofasingleStatePartywithoutanagreedstoppingplacewithintheterritoryofanotherStateisnotinternationalcarriagefarthepurposesofthisConvention.3.Carriagetobeperformedbyseveralsuccessivecarriersisdeemed,forthepurposesofthisConvention,tobeoneundividedcarriageifithasbeenregardedbythepartiesasasingleoperation,whetherithadbeenagreeduponundertheformofasinglecontractorofaseriesofcontracts,anditdoesnotloseitsinternationalcharactermerelybecauseone'contractoraseriesofcontractsistobeperformedentirelywithintheterritoryofthesameState.,4.ThisConventionappliesalsotocarriageassetoutinChapterV,subjecttothetermscontainedtherein.Article2--CarriagePerformedbyStateandCarriageofPostalItems1.ThisConventionappliestocarriageperformedbytheStateorbylegallyconstitutedpublicbodiesprovideditfallswithintheconditionslaiddowninArticle1.2.Inthecarriageofpostalitems,thecarriershallbeliableonlytotherelevantpostaladministrationinaccordancewiththerulesapplicableto;therelationshipbetweenthecarriersandthepostaladministrations.3.Exceptasprovidedinparagraph2ofthisArticle,theprovisionsofthisConventionshallnotapplytothecarriageofpostalitems.ChapterIIDocumentationandDutiesof;theParties:RelatingtotheCarriageofPassengers,::BaggageandCargoArticle3-PassengersandBaggage1.Inrespectofcarriageofpassengers,anindividualorcollectivedocumentofcarriageshallbedeliveredcontaining:(a)anindicationoftheplacesofdepartureanddestination;(b)iftheplacesofdepartureanddestinationarewithintheterritoryofasingleStateParty,oneormoreagreedstoppingplacesbeingwithintheterritoryofanotherState,anindicationofatleastonesuchstoppingplace.2.Anyothermeanswhichpreservestheinformationindicatedin:paragraph.lmaybesubstitutedforthedeliveryofthedocumentreferredtointhatparagraph.Ifanysuchothermeansisused,thecarriershalloffertodelivertothepassengerawrittenstatementoftheinformationsopreserved.3.Thecarriershalldelivertothepassengerabaggageidentificationtagforeachpieceofcheckedbaggage.4.ThepassengershallbegivenwrittennoticetotheeffectthatwherethisConventionisapplicableitgovernsandmaylimittheliabilityofcarriersinrespectofdeathorinjuryandfordestructionorlossof,ordamageto,baggage,andfordelay.5.Non-compliancewiththeprovisionsoftheforegoingparagraphsshallnotaffecttheexistenceorthevalidityofthecontractofcarriage,whichshall,nonetheless,besubjecttotherulesofthisConventionincludingthoserelatingtolimitationofliability:Article4--Cargol.Inrespectofthecarriageofcargo,anairwaybillshallbedelivered.2.Anyothermeanswhichpreservesarecordofthecarriagetobeperformedmaybesubstitutedforthedeliveryofanairwaybill.Ifsuchothermeansareused,thecarriershall,ifsorequestedbytheconsignor,delivertotheconsignoracargoreceiptpermittingidentificationoftheconsignmentandaccesstotheinformationcontainedintherecordpreservedbysuchothermeans.Article5-ContentsofAirWaybillorCargoReceiptTheairwaybillorthecargoreceiptshallinclude:(a)anindicationoftheplacesofdepartureanddestination;(b)iftheplacesofdepartureanddestinationarewithintheterritoryofasingleStateParty,oneormoreagreedstoppingplacesbeingwithintheterritoryofanotherState,anindicationofatleastonesuchstoppingplace;and(c)anindicationoftheweightoftheconsignment.Article6-DocumentRelatingtotheNatureoftheCargoTheconsignormayberequired,ifneces