聚合物基纳米复合材料的增强增韧机理

333333333333(3100080)(33100039)(333)(3333100084),//,,,,0,,,TiO2SiO2Al2O3CaCO3,[124],,[528],[9216],,,//,,,[10][11,12][13][14][15,16],,,,1,,,,(),[17],/TiO2,[18],99:(:2003211204),1964,,;:863(2002AA306171),(H020420020230),©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,TiO2,TiO2,(),,[19],,,/SiO2SEMTEMSiO2[20],SiO2,,SiO2,,,SiO2,[10],,,,,,,,1100nm,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,/SiO2[7,12],SiO2,,,,,,,2,,,,,,SiO2TiO2[4,7],SiO22%;TiO2,3%,,44%,878%,,CaCO3[21],[22]/[23]/Al2O3[5],27nmAl2O31%5%,;10%,CaCO3,CaCO33%,[6];,[24](PI)/SiO2,PI/SiO2SiO2,;SiO2,SiO210%,SiO2PI[7]2SiO2F,,/SiO2SiO22%1615%,,615%154%;,,,,(),001200415©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,[25],,,,,,,,[11,12],,[26],[27],,,[4,16,21]3%5%,,,,,,,,,,,,[527,24],,3[13]SEMTEM,(PP),,121[13]2[13],,,,[13]:(),,,,,;,,,,,,[28],,2,,,,,,,,101:©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1/CaCO3[6]CaCO3,%,J.m-2,MPa,%046.4914.472.50192.2042.253.562136.5944.023.783169.2045.164.69466.2944.873.54561.6439.323.211[6],,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,4[326],,,,,,[14]:;,L[29]L=2r(/6Vf)21,Vf,r,,LVfrLc,Lc,LcLLc,,,LLc,,,,,,,,,,LLc,[30]SiO2(UP),SiO23%,UP,UPLUP/Li2LiLLc,,,;L2Li,,,UP/,,,5[15,16,32234],,,(MMT)21,,,,,,1nm,100nm,,()Na+Ca2+Mg2+,,,,,,,,;,,201200415©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,;,,,,[15,31](PU)/,,PU/,PU,8%,PU;8%,,,//(MMT)[16,32][33]/,1wt%3wt%PI(),XRD,,[15,16,32236],MMT,MMT,,;,MMT,,MMT(),MMT,[34],(),,,MMT,,,,[15,16]Shi[35]Lan[36]MMT,MMT,MMT,MMT,,,PI/SiO2[37],SiO2,SiO2,PI,SiO2,,,,,,,,SiO2,SiO2,6,,,[38240],,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),301:©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,(),,,,,[41]:(1),,,,;(2),,,;(3),,,,,,,(),(),,,,,,[1]NovakBM,etal.AdvMater,1993,5:422[2]MarkJE.PolymEngSci,1996,36:2905[3].,1999,(2):19[4],.,1999,27(6):37[5]ZhangLD,XieCY,ZhuXF.JAlloysandCompounds,1994,211/212:390[6],,.,2003,31(3):27[7]HuangCJ,ZhangYH,FuSY,etal.In:ICMC221,An2chorage,Alaska,USA,Mar,2003.135[8],,.,2003,31(2):5[9],,.,2002,30(4):23[10],.,1999,11(6):38[11]MasciaL.Theroleofadditiveinplastics.London:AppliedSciencePublicshers,1974.215[12],.,1995,(3):13[13],,.,2003,31(1):20[14],,.,1994(4):69[15],,.,2001,(3):325[16],,.:2002,,2002.65[17].,1996,(2):42[18],.,2002,19(4):11[19],,.,2000,17(4):5[20],.,2002,18(5):148[21],,.,2002,(1):31[22]QiaoJL,WeiGS,ZhangXH,etal.USPatent6423760,July23,2002[23]HuangF,LiuYQ,ZhangXH,etal.MacromolRapidCommon,2002,23:786[24],,.,2000,(8):33[25],.,2000,17(2):29[26],.,2001,(2):6[27],,.,2001,15(8):6[28]KauschHH.Crazinginpolymers.Berlin:Sprigner2Verlag,1990.138[29]..:,1992.210[30]./,1999,(3)13[31]MaJS,ZhangSF,QiZN.In:ThePolymerProcessingSo2ciety16thAnnualMeeting,Shanghai,China,June18223,2000.593[32]MessersimithPB.ChemMater,1994,(6):1719[33]ZhangYH,FuSY,etal.ACASC2003,Beijing,December2003[34]TieL,WangZ,ShiHZ,etal.PolymMaterSciEng,1995,(73):296[35]ShiHZ,TieL,PinnavaiaTJ.ChemMater,1996,8:1584[36]TieL,KaviratnaPD,PinnavaiaTJ.PolymMaterSciEng,401200415©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1994,(71):527[37],,.,2000,13(3):325[38]LeeJ,YeeAF.Polymer,2002,(42):589[39]GloaguenJM,LefebvreJM.Polymer,2001,42(42):5841[40],,.,2003(inpress)[41].,1998,14(2):12StrengtheningandTougheningMechanismsofPolymerBasedNanocompositesZhangYihe333,FuShaoyun3,LiRobertK2Y333,LiGuangtao3333,YanQing3(3TechnicalInstituteofPhysicsandChemistry,CAS,Beijing100080)(33GraduateSchool,CAS,Beijing100039)(333DepartmentofPhysicsandMaterialScience,HongKongCityUniversity,HongKong)(3333DepartmentofChemistry,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)AbstractIthasbeenprovedbyagreatdealofexperimentaldatathatpolymerscanbesimultaneouslystrengthenedandtough2enedwhennano2fillersareproperlyincorporatedintothem.Inthispaper,variousstrengtheningandtougheningmecha2nismsofpolymerbasednanocompositeshavebeenreviewed.Thesemechanismsincludephysicalandchemicalinteractionmechanism,tinycrazingmechanism,crack2crazetranslationmechanism,critical2thicknessmechanismandphysicalcrossingpointmechanism.Explanationofexistingexperimentalresultshavebeendoneusingthesemechanisms.Conse2quently,ithavebeenexpectedthatthesemechanismswillplayimportantguidingrolesindesignandapplicationofpoly2merbasednanocomposites.Keywords:Polymerbasednanocomposites,Strengthening,Toughening,Mechanisms501:©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.