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后关税配额时代我国稀土资源出口管理制度研究学位类型：同等学力论文作者：培养学院：专业名称：世界经济指导教师：2017年1月摘要稀土作为一种不可再生的重要矿产资源，具有极高的科技和军事应用价值，是世界各国高新科技产业进步和国家战略发展的关键元素。我国虽然是稀土的出口大国，但并不是出口强国，长期以低廉的价格、有限的储备供应着全球稀土市场，由此带来的资源过度消耗、生态破坏、环境污染等问题日趋严重。特别是2015年，按照WTO要求正式取消稀土出口配额、出口资质管理和出口关税后，我国稀土资源出口进入后关税配额时代，出口管理极度弱化，加之国内管理存在诸多问题，使得中国稀土产业面临巨大的危机。本文通过梳理我国稀土资源出口管理的历史发展脉络、存在的问题等，理清了我国稀土管理体制演变过程，对我国进行稀土出口管理的动因和WTO稀土案对出口管理带来的质疑与挑战进行了深入的分析，阐明了我国进行稀土管理的合法性和必要性，以及后关税配额时代我国稀土出口管理所要解决的问题，并就如何完善后关税配额时代的稀土出口管理制度进行探讨，从国内管理、出口管理、提升产业竞争力等角度提出了一系列建议。本文的主要观点是：在后关税配额时代，只有更多依靠国内管理体系的完善，做好稀土资源的生产、流通、环保等各个环节管理，提高产业创新和竞争能力，完善出口许可证管理，进一步将出口许可证与产业链前端管理结合起来，才能提高我国稀土产业的国际地位，才能使我国这个“稀土大国”真正成为“稀土强国”。本文的创新之处在于基于后关税配额时代的背景，对我国稀土资源出口管理制度进行了较为全面的研究，具体为：一是从资源储量、战略意义、环境保护、经济因素等方面，特别是WTO法规和国内法律基础角度，对我国稀土出口管理进行了全面的合理性分析；二是着眼于后关税配额时代，如何在WTO规则允许的条件下完善稀土出口管理，提出完善稀土出口管理制度的措施；三是从我国稀土产业创新的瓶颈考虑，完整稀土储备体系稀土资源产业走出去战略,减少稀土出口集中度。关键词：稀土资源、出口管理、关税配额、许可证制度、WTO规则AbstractRareearthasanonrenewablemineralresources,hasaveryhighvalueofscienceandtechnologyandmilitaryapplications,istheworld'shigh-techindustryandnationalstrategicdevelopmentofkeyelements.AlthoughChinaisamajorexporterofrareearths,butnotlong-termexportpowerhouse,withlowprice,Limitedreservesoftheglobalsupplyofrareearthmarket,resultinginexcessiveconsumptionofresources,ecologicaldestructionandenvironmentalpollutionproblemsbecomemoreandmoreserious.Especiallyin2015,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofWTOofficiallycanceledexportquotas,exportqualificationmanagementandexporttariffs,exportofrareearthresourcesinChinaafterenteringtheeraoftariffquotas,exportanddomesticmanagementisweak,therearemanyproblemsinthemanagement,theChinarareearthindustryisfacinggreatcrisis.Inthispaper,throughtheanalysisofhistoricaldevelopment,China'sexportsofrareearthresourcesmanagementproblems,clarifythemanagementofChina'srareearthsystemevolutionprocess,questionandchallengetoourmanagementandmotivationoftheexportofrareearthWTOrarecasebroughttotheexportmanagementin-depthanalysis,clarifiesthelegitimacyandnecessityofmeintherareearthmanagement,andafterthetariffquotaeraofrareearthexportmanagementinChinatosolvetheproblem,andhowtoimprovetherareearthexportmanagementsystemoftariffquotaeraisdiscussed,putforwardaseriesofproposalsfromtheperspectiveofdomesticmanagement,exportmanagement,improvethecompetitivenessoftheindustry.Themainpointofthispaperis:inthepostquotasera,onlytorelymoreonimprovingthedomesticmanagementsystem,production,circulation,environmentalprotectionandotheraspectsofmanagementofrareearthresources,improvingthecompetitionabilityandindustrialinnovation,improvetheexportlicensemanagement,theexportlicenseandthefrontendoftheindustrialchainmanagementtogether,inordertoimprovetherareearthindustryofourcountry'sinternationalstatus,tomakeChinatherareearthpowersreallybecomerarepower.Theinnovationofthispaperisbasedonthebackgroundoftariffquotaera,wasstudiedcomprehensivelyonChina'srareearthresourcesexportmanagementsystemspecifically:oneisfromthereserves,strategicsignificance,environmentalprotection,economicfactorsandotheraspects,especiallytheWTOregulationsanddomesticlegalbasisforthemanagementofrareearthexportinChinatherationalityofcomprehensiveanalysis;thetwoistofocusonthetariffquotaera,howtoimprovethemanagementofrareearthexportinWTOrulespermitconditions,putforwardtoperfectthemanagementsystemofrareearthexportmeasures;thethreeistoconsiderthebottleneckfromtheinnovationofChina'srareearthindustry,fullofrareearthrareearthresourcesreservesystemindustrygoingoutstrategy,toreducetheexportofrareearthconcentration.Keywords:rareearthresources,exportmanagement,tariffquota,licensesystem,WTOrule目录第1章导论______________________________________________________________11.1研究背景_____________________________________________________________11.2研究意义______________________________________________________________11.3研究综述______________________________________________________________21.4文章的主要论点和创新之处_____________________________________________41.5研究思路和结构_______________________________________________________5第2章我国稀土资源出口管理的历史与现状______________________________________62.1我国稀土出口发展情况__________________________________________________62.2我国稀土出口面临的问题与挑战__________________________________________82.3我国稀土资源出口管理制度的演变过程___________________________________10第3章我国对稀土资源进行出口管理的动因分析________________________________133.1稀土资源重要性_______________________________________________________133.2环境保护_____________________________________________________________163.3经济原因_____________________________________________________________173.4外部环境_____________________________________________________________183.5合法性分析__________________________________________________________18第4章WTO稀土案对我国稀土出口管理_______________________________________204.1WTO稀土案简介____________________________________________________204.2WTO稀土案对我国稀土出口管理带来的质疑与挑战______________________20第5章后关税配额时代我国稀土国内和出口管理制度____________________________235.1国内管理制度________________________________________________________235.2出口管理制度________________________________________________________24第6章后关税配额时代我国稀土产业发展存在的问题_____________________________2