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【托福听力备考】TPO3听力文本——Lecture2对于很多学生来说，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。Lecture2FilmhistoryNarrator：Listentopartofalectureinafilmhistoryclass.Professor：Okay,we’vebeendiscussingfilmsinthe1920sand30s,andhowbackthenfilmcategories,asweknowthemtoday,hadnotyetbeenestablished.Wesaidthatbytoday’sstandards,manyofthefilmsofthe20sand30swouldbeconsideredhybrids,thatis,amixtureofstylesthatwouldn’texactlyfitintoanyoftoday’scategories.Andinthatcontext,todaywearegoingtotalkaboutafilm-makerwhobeganmakingveryuniquefilmsinthelate1920s.HewasFrench,andhisnamewasJeanPainlevé.JeanPainlevéwasbornin1902.Hemadehisfirstfilmin1928.Nowinaway,Painlevé’sfilmsconformtonormsofthe20sand30s,thatis,theydon’tfitveryneatlyintothecategoriesweusetoclassifyfilmstoday.Thatsaid,evenbythestandardsofthe20sand30s,Painlevé’sfilmswereauniquehybridofstyles.Hehadaspecialwayoffusing,orsomepeoplemightsay,confusing,scienceandfiction.Hisfilmsbeginwithfacts,butthentheybecomemoreandmorefictional.Theygraduallyaddmoreandmorefictionalelements.Infact,Painlevéwasknownforsayingthatscienceisfiction.Painlevéwasapioneerinunderwaterfilm-making,andalotofhisshortfilmsfocusedontheaquaticanimalworld.Helikedtoshowsmallunderwatercreatures,displayingwhatseemedlikefamiliarhumancharacteristics–whatwethinkofasuniquetohumans.Hemighttakeaclipofamolluskgoingupanddowninthewaterandsetittomusic.Youknow,tomakeitlookasifthemolluskweredancingtothemusiclikeahumanbeing–thatsortofthing.Butthenhesuddenlychangedtheimageornarrationtoremindushowdifferenttheanimalsare,howunlikehumans.Heconfusedhisaudienceinthewayheportrayedtheanimalshefilmed,mixingupournotionsofthecategorieshumanandanimal.Thefilmsmakeusalittleuncomfortableattimesbecauseweareuncertainaboutwhatweareseeing.Itgiveshimfilmsanuncannyfeature:thefamiliarmadeunfamiliar,thenormalmadesuspicious.Helikedtwists,helikedtheunusual.Infact,oneofhisfavoriteseaanimalswastheseahorsebecausewithseahorses,it’sthemalethatcarriestheeggs,andhethoughtthatwasgreat.Hisfirstandmostcelebratedunderwaterfilmisabouttheseahorse.Susan,youhaveaquestion?Student1：Butunderwaterfilm-makingwasn’tthatunusual,wasit?Imean,weren’tthereotherpeoplemakingmoviesunderwater?Professor：Well,actually,itwasprettyrareatthattime.Imean,wearetalkingtheearly1930shere.Student1：ButwhataboutJacquesCousteau?Washelikeaninnovator,youknow,withunderwaterphotographytoo?Professor：Ah,JacquesCousteau.Well,PainlevéandCousteaudidbothfilmunderwater,andtheywerebothinnovators,soyouarerightinthatsense.Butthat’sprettymuchwherethesimilaritiesend.Firstofall,Painlevéwasabout20yearsaheadofCousteau.AndCousteau’sadventureswerehigh-tech,withlotsoffancyequipment,whereasPainlevékindofpatchedequipmenttogetherasheneededit.Cousteauusuallyfilmedlargeanimals,usuallyintheopensea,whereasPainlevégenerallyfilmedsmalleranimals,andhelikedtofilminshallowwater.Uh,whatelse?Ohwell,themaindifferencewasthatCousteausimplyinvestigatedandpresentedthefacts–hedidn’tmixinfiction.Hewasastrictdocumentarist.Hesetthestandardreallyforthenaturedocumentary.Painlevé,ontheotherhand,aswesaidbefore,mixedinelementsoffiction.Andhisfilmsaremuchmoreartistic,incorporatingmusicasanimportantelement.John,youhaveaquestion?Student2：Well,maybeIshouldn’tbeaskingthis,butifPainlevé’sfilmsaresospecial,sogood,whyhaven’tweeverheardofthem?Imean,everyone’sheardofJacquesCousteau.Professor：Well,that’safairquestion.Uh,theshortansweristhatPainlevé’sstylejustnevercaughtonwiththegeneralpublic.Imean,itprobablygoesbackatleastinparttowhatwementionedearlier,thatpeopledidn’tknowwhattomakeofhisfilms–theywereconfusedbythem,whereasCousteau’sdocumentarieswereverystraightforward,metpeople’sexpectationsmorethanPainlevé’sfilmsdid.Butyoutruefilmhistorybuffsknowabouthim.AndPainlevéisstillhighlyrespectedinmanycircles.