了不起的盖茨比The-Great-Gatsby

1TheDisillusionofAmericanDreaminTheGreatGatsby*****Supervisor*****SchoolofForeignLanguages,###########December,20132ContentsAbstract.........................................................................................I.IntroductiontoFitzgeraldandTheGreatGatsby....................4A.Fitzgerald’sLifeandHisWorks........................................5B.SocialandHistoricalContextofTheGreatGatsby..........6C.TheMainContentofTheGreatGatsby............................7III.TheDisillusionofTheDreams..............................................8A.TheDisillusionofTheAmericanDream...........................81.TheDefinition...............................................................82.TheDevelopment..........................................................93.TheCorruption..............................................................9B.TheDisillusionofGatsby’sDream.................................101.TheFortuneDream.....................................................102.TheLoveDream..........................................................12V.TheFundamentalReasons.....................................................13VI.Conclusion...........................................................................143TheDisillusionofAmericanDreaminTheGreatGatsbyAbstractF.Scott.Fitzgerald(1896-1940),asoneofthemostfamousandgreatestwriterofthe1920s,isregardedasarepresentativeofthe“JazzAge”---anagebetweentheendoftheFirstWorldWarandtheoutbreakoftheGreatDepression.TheexplorationofmoralemptinessandhypocrisybeneaththeJazzAge,togetherwiththestylisticlanguagebrillianceofthenovelensuresFitzgerald’spositioninAmericanliterature.Owingtoitsextraordinaryliterarymerits,Fitzgerald’sGreatGatsbyislistedamongthemostnotabletwentieth-centuryAmericannovels.ThisthesisanalyzesFitzgerald’slifeandhisworks,socialandhistoricalcontextofTheGreatGatsby,themaincontentofTheGreatGatsby,thedisillusionoftheAmericanDreamandGatsby’sdream,andthefundamentalreasons,exposingthesocialstatusofAmericanJazzAge.Keywords:Fitzgerald,TheGreatGatsby,AmericanDream,Gatsby,disillusion4论了《不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭内容摘要弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德（1986--1940），作为19世纪20年代最具盛名的作家之一，被公认为是美国爵士时代（第一次世界大战后至大危机之前的一个时期）的代表作家。对爵士时代下道德空虚和伪善的探索，以及他独特的小说语言文体使他在美国文学史中占重要地位。由于其非凡的文学价值，菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》被列为二十世纪美国最著名的小说之一。这篇论文分析了菲茨杰拉德的生活和主要作品，《了不起的盖茨比》的社会和历史环境及其主要内容，美国梦及盖茨比的梦想的破灭和其根本原因，揭露了美国爵士时代的社会现状。关键词：菲茨杰拉德，了不起的盖茨比，美国梦，梦想，破灭5I.IntroductiontoFitzgeraldandTheGreatGatsbyA.Fitzgerald’sLifeandHisWorksToanupper-middle-classfamily,FrancisScottFitzgeraldwasborninSaintPaul,Minnesotain1896.HecamefromMid-Westandhisfamilywasconsideredsociallyprominentandactuallypoor.Withthefinancialaidofhismother’sside,hefinishedhisprepstudyandtoPrinceton.ThenhewasoncecommissionedasecondlieutenantintheinfantryandassignedtoCampSheridanoutsideofMontgomery,Alabama.Whileatacountryclub,FitzgeraldmetandfellinlovewithZeldaSayre(1900–1948),thedaughterofanAlabamaSupremeCourtjustice.Thewarendedin1918,andFitzgeraldmovedtoNewYorkCityhopingtomarryZeldawhoacceptedhismarriageproposalatfirst,butatlastshebreakofftheengagement.Fitzgeraldreturnedtohisparents'houseinSt.Paul,toreviseTheRomanticEgoist,recastingasThisSideofParadise.Therevisednovelwasacceptedinthefallof1919andhebecameabest-seller,sohegotafameandcommercialsuccess.HereturnedtoZeldaandmarriedher.Withaseriesofsuccessofhiswriting,thecouplehadahighstandardlife.ItisthemostinfluentialdecadeofFitzgerald’sdevelopmentinthe1920sinParis.FitzgeraldmadeseveralexcursionstoEurope,mostlyParisandtheFrenchRiviera,andbecamefriendswithmanymembersoftheAmericanexpatriatecommunityinParis,notablyErnestHemingway.Likemostprofessionalauthorsatthetime,Fitzgeraldsupplementedhisincomebywritingshortstoriesforsuchmagazinesas“TheSaturdayEveningPost”,“Collier'sWeekly”,and“Esquire”,andsoldhisstoriesandnovelstoHollywoodstudios.(Buckley172)ThedecadeinfluencesFitzgeraldandhiswritingalot,justasArthurMizenerobservedthat“ScottFitzgeraldhadanimaginativesenseoftheexperienceofthe1920’s,whowasindeedawritersocloselyrelatedtohistime.Hewasindangerofbeingwhollyabsorbedbyhissenseofitandofwritingbooksthatwouldnotsurviveit.”(EbleKenneth,1973:100)6In1925FitzgeraldmanagedtocompleteTheGreatGatsby.Itgavehimacriticalcommentandcommercialfailure.(Chang282)However,everythingchangedafterthefirstbreakdownin1930.Fitzgeraldsankintoalcoholismandwastroubledbyfinancialandpsychologicalproblemscausedbyhiswife'sluxuryandjealousyofhiswriting.TenderIstheNight(1934)wascompletedaroundthattime.Hespenttherestofhislifewritingstoriesandscreenplay.In1940,hediedofaheartattackwhenhewasonlyforty-four.B.SocialandHistoricalContextofTheGreatGatsbyTheGreatGatsbywaspublishedin1925anddidnotreceivemanypositiveresponsesfromcriticsandreadersuntil1950s.Throughoutthe1920s,Americanswerelivinginoneoftheerasofthegreatestchange.IntheterritoryoftheAmericanLiterature,therewereagreatnumberofgreatwriterswiththeirdistinguishedworks,suchastheworksofT.S.Eliot,ScottFitzgeraldandErnestHemingway,andtheirgenerationexpressedthespiritofthattimes.(Lee,98)Thereweremanyfactorsthatmadeitdifferentfromanyotherperiod;themosti