六级阅读理解之选词填空(bankedcloze)篇章选词填空考查点十五选十250-270字左右5分钟保证正确率的前提下速度要尽量快选项特点:实词:名词动词形容词副词选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。特点:1.近义词辨析不多,2.固定搭配不多3.词性辨析比较容易4.题目设计的原则是首句不设空,一句话中不设两空,设空比较均匀,基本覆盖全文.难点:1.词性可能会变。2.错一题,可能会错两题。选词填空特点和难点1.通读全文/首段原则以及首末句原则2.第一句对全文的内容有概括提示作用3.反复出现的词也是的重要线索。选词填空解题步骤:第一步:通读全文(readthrough)样卷:考实词(notionalwords)中的四种:名词n、动词v、形容词adj、副词adv;基本不考代词和数词不考虚词(冠词art,介词prep,连词conj,感叹词interj)备注:四种实词所占份额基本持平选词填空解题步骤:第二步:整理选项(classifytheoptions)3.动词归类要细分为v,v-ed,v-ing。因为一个空可以填动词,但填原形还是过去式还是-ing形式要自己根据语法判断。如何辨别词性此外,以-ing,-ed结尾的词也可能是分词转变而来的形容词,如holding动词:She’sholdinghermother’shand.形容词:holdingcompany(控股公司);再如acquired动词:academicskillsheacquired.形容词:anewlyacquiredjacket(新买的夹克)。1.不认识的单词看词缀2.认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性eg:display,concern,challenge(n./v.)这时怎么办?碰到这种情况,先一律看成是动词,包括非谓语动词,然后,根据是否存在缺-adj的具体情况来决定。1)Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.2)Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,…determininglimited提示:词性要标在选项的前面,也就是A,B,C…的前面,齐刷刷的好看。也可标在两组选项的中间空白处,方便对照。以ion,age,ness,ty,ship,ace,ance,ancy,ence,ency,dom,itude,um,mony结尾的大都是名词;以ize,ise,fy结尾的大都是动词;以ive,ent,ant,ful,ous,able,ary,ic,cal,less结尾的是大都是形容词;以ly,s,ways,wise结尾的大都是副词。词缀附表:1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker,debtor,actress,democrat,2)-acy,表示性质,状态,境遇democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示性质,状态,行为,过程frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示动作,性质,状态possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示等级,领域,状态freedom,kingdom,wisdom7)-hood,表示资格,身份,年纪,状态childhood,manhood,falsehood8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为的过程,结果,状况action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction9)-ism,表示制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism10)-ity,表示性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity11)-ment,表示行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument12)-ness,表示性质,状态,程度goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness13)-ship,表示情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship14)-th,表示动作,性质,过程,状态depth,wealth,truth,length,growth15)-tude,表示性质,状态,程度latitude,altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示行为,结果exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),17-grapy,表示……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography18)-ic,ics,表示……学……法logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics19)-ology,表示……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示……学……术astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive4)-like,manlike,childlike5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly6)-some,troublesome,handsome7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various9)-ent,violent10)-most,foremost,topmost(11)less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示做成,变成,……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2)-en,表示使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地来源1.英语语法规则确定词性2.根据上下文的内在逻辑结构选择第三步:选词填空fillinthegaps动词的确定:动词最容易确定,因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语,是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差,选这个和选那个有天壤之别。1.判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性,缩小正确选项范围如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:1.Inparticular,whenolderpatients___ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.(complain)2.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,___floodstoPeru.(bring)3.That‘swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho___inpainmedicine、(specialize)PS:a)前后都是名词短语,中间一般为动词(时态看前后文);b)一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词;c)一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号,后面一般是非谓语动词短语。名词的确定:Thehot,humid(潮湿的)airovertheoceancausessevereathunderstorms.(可能是形容词,也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms)Educationsoonbecamea_____.(nightmare)Asthetradewindslessenin…(strength)如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:a.名词主要做主语、宾语;b.形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;c.限定词(the,this,that,a,my之类)后必有名词;d.谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语e.介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.形容词的确定:1.名词的前面。…womenarecustomers.2.副词的后面。…ElNinobroughtthemost_______weatherinmodernhistory.如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:副词的确定:3.句子的前面。Not,thejuryfoundthembothguilty.2.形容词的前面。…buttheyarestillnotsurewhatleadstoit…1.动词的附近(指前面或后面)。…studentsoutperformtheirpeers……jobsthatusedtobedonebywomen…如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性:填空完成后,再次复读全文,自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题,也需要谨慎的微作调整。第四步:复读全文,谨慎调整ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone__47___bywomen----rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing__48___work-----stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a__49___thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime“andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage__50___betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen____51____givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow_