句子的种类TheTypesofSentencesByZhangYunwangOnSunday,December07,2014小学英语语法总结1.英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类句子类型陈述句疑问句一般疑问句:Isitabag?Doesshelikenoodles?特殊疑问句:What’sthat?选择疑问句:Isitabirdoraplane?反问句:e.g.Thisisanicepicture,isn’tit?祈使句感叹句肯定句:Thisisabook.Helikesmusic.否定句:Itisn’tabird.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.以What开头的感叹句:Whatabeautifulfloweritis!以How开头的感叹句:Howbeautifulitis!肯定句:Gothere!Let’sgo!否定句:Don’tgothere!(1).陈述句用来说明事实或说话人的看法,句末有句号。e.g.MynameisKate.Ithinkit’sexciting.1).陈述句的词序主语+谓语动词(+宾语)e.g.Ilikecoffee.主语+连系动词+表语e.g.Heisagoodstudent.2).陈述句分肯定结构和否定结构。肯定结构的谓语动词不含否定词。如:Igotoschooleveryday.变肯定结构为否定结构时,将not置于第一个助动词或情态动词之后;如果一般现在时中不含助动词,则在动词前加do(does)再加not。e.g.Icanswim.--Icannot(can’t)swim.Weusuallyworkatnight.------Weusuallydon’tworkatnight.如果句子中的谓语动词为be动词,变为否定结构时,将否定词not置于be动词之后,如:Heisateacher.------------Heisnot(isn’t)ateacher.(一般现在时)Hewasaworker.----Hewasn’taworker.(一般过去时)Heisgoingtobeadoctor.----Heisn’tgoingtobeadoctor.(一般将来时)Heisreadingastorybook.----Heisn’treadingastorybook.(现在进行时)如果句子中的谓语动词为行为动词,变为否定结构时,将行为动词之前加上否定的助动词,如:Ilikenoodles.------------Idon’tlikenoodles.(一般现在时)Helikesnoodles.------------Hedoesn’tlikenoodles.(一般现在时)Weplayedthefootball.----Wedidn’tplaythefootball.(一般过去时)Hewillgohome.----Hewon’tgohome.(一般将来时)Shecanplaythepiano.----Shecan’tplaythepiano.(情态动词)Shehasgotastorybook.----Shehasn’tgotastorybook.(hasgot结构)I’vegotastampfromCanada.----Ihaven’tgotastampfromCanada.(havegot结构)(2)疑问句用于提问的句子叫做疑问句。疑问句句末需用问号。疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、附加疑问句、反问句等。1)一般疑问句一般是指用yes或no回答的疑问句。基本结构为:助动词/情态动词+主语+……也就是说将陈述句的第一个助动词(be或will,have,has)或情态动词(can)提至主语之前;如:Heisateacher.------------Isheateacher?(一般现在时)Hewasaworker.----Washeaworker?(一般过去时)Heisgoingtobeadoctor.----Ishegoingtobeadoctor?(一般将来时)Heisreadingastorybook.----Ishereadingastorybook?(现在进行时)Hewillgohome.----Willhegohome?(一般将来时)Shecanplaythepiano.----Cansheplaythepiano?(情态动词)Shehasgotastorybook.----Hasshegotastorybook?(hasgot结构)I’vegotastampfromCanada.----HaveyougotastampfromCanada?(havegot结构,I---you)1)一般疑问句陈述句如果不含助动词或情态动词,一般疑问句则在主语前加do(does),did。如:Ilikenoodles.------------Doyoulikenoodles?(一般现在时,I---you)Helikesnoodles.------------Doeshelikenoodles?(一般现在时)Weplayedthefootball.----Didyouplaythefootball?(一般过去时,we---you)2)特殊疑问句是用来对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句,一般以疑问词开始。特殊疑问句的一般结构是:疑问词+一般疑问句e.g.Wheredoyoucomefrom?特殊疑问词有:What对事物提问Where对地点提问When/Whattime对时间提问Who对人提问(如果Who作主语,则要用陈述句语序)Whose对所属提问Howmuch对价格提问Howmany对数量提问,如HowmanyapplesHowold对年龄提问Whatcolor对颜色提问对划线部分提问构成的特殊疑问句如下:That’sabike.What’sthat?MynameisLiPing.What’syourname?Ioftenreadstories.Whatdoyouoftendo?Helikesplayingbasketball.Whatdoeshedo?It’ssixo’clock.Whattimeisit?Thebikeisblack.Whatcolouristhebike?Amyisagoodgirl.Whoisagoodgirl?Mybookisonthedesk.Whosebookisonthedesk?ThisisLiPing’sbook.Whosebookisthis?Thekiteistwentyyuan.Howmuchisthekite?3)选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况,供对方选择的疑问句。这种疑问句类似一般疑问句,但是不能用yes和no来回答。e.g.Doyouliketeaorcoffee?Iliketea.4)反问句e.g.Thisisanicepicture,isn’tit?You’llgowithme,won’tyou?3.祈使句用以表示请求、命令、建议等句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的结构与陈述句一样,但主语常省略。祈使句的主语为第二人称you,一般省略不写。谓语用动词原型,所以都以动词原形开头。否定结构用don’t+动词原型。e.g.Pleaseopenthedoor.Openthedoor,Please.Don’topenthedoor.Comein,please.Don’tcomein.Let’sgotoschool.Let’snotgotoschool.4.感叹句用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句,感叹句句末常用感叹号。感叹句的构成结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语例如:Howbeautiful(youare)!What+(a/an)+形容词/副词+名词+谓语(当名词为不可数名词时,a/an省略)例如:Whatabeautifulflower(itis)!Whathotwhether(itis)!好热的天气呀!(whether为不可数名词,不用a,an)