d1.1→++++HZnTiO22→++−+OHCOTi22333→+)(SOHTiO4224→+OHTiCl245→+MgTiCl41OH2ZnTi2H4ZnTiO22232++→++++++2)g(CO3)s()OH(Ti2OH3CO3Ti2232233+→++−+3OHTiOSO)(SOHTiO24422+→+4HCl4)s(TiOHOH3TiCl3224+→+5)s(Ti)s(MgCl2Mg2TiCl24+→+2.1→+++−HClOV522→∆34VONH3→+++−+HSOVO2324→++−+OHMnOVO2421OH3)g(ClVO2H6Cl2OV22252++→++++−2OHNH2OVVONH2235234++→∆3OHSOVO2H2SOVO22242232++→++−++−+4+++−+++→++H2MnVO5OHMnOVO5222423.−++++eH2VO2→OHVO22++V999.0Eθ=OHVeH2VO232+→+++−++V337.0Eθ=+−+→+23VeVV225.0Eθ−=Ve2V2→+−+V2.1Eθ−=1Lmol1−⋅+2Fe1Lmol1−⋅+2SnZn1Lmol1−⋅+2VO+−+→+23FeeFe)Fe/Fe(E23θ++V769.0=+−+→+24Sne2Sn)Sn/Sn(E24θ++V1539.0=Zne2Zn2→+−+)Zn/Zn(E2θ+V7621.0−=1Lmol0.1−⋅Fe2+VO2+VO2+1Lmol0.1−⋅Sn2+VO2+VO2+V3+ZnVO2+V2+4.θE+2VO1Lmol1]H[−+⋅=+2VO+3VVO2+→V9994.0VO2+→V337.0V3+θE()=0.337VθE()=0.9994VVO2+VO2+V3+5.1→∆+)(HClOCrK7222→++42422722SOHOCHOCrK3→++−+OHOCrAg22724→+++−HSHOCr22725→++−+OHOSCr228236→++−−ClOOH)OH(Cr37→++4222722SOHOHOCrK13722CrCl2)(HCl14OCrK→∆+OH7KCl2)g(Cl322+++2→++42422722SOH4OCH3OCrKOH7SOK)g(CO6)SO(Cr2422342+++3+−++→++H2)s(CrOAg2OHOCrAg44222724OH7)s(S3Cr2H8SH3OCr232272++→++++−5+−−−+++→++H14SO6OCrOH7OS3Cr224272228236OH5Cl3CrO2ClO3OH4)OH(Cr22243++→++−−−−7→++4222722SOH4OH3OCrKOH7)g(O3SOK)SO(Cr2242342+++6.AABBNaOHCCH2O2DDEEFABCDEF+3Cr3)OH(Cr−])OH(Cr[4−24CrO4BaCrO−272OCr+++→•+43233NH3)s()OH(CrOHNH3Cr−−→+])OH(Cr[OH)OH(Cr43OH6H2CrO2OH3])OH(Cr[2224224++→++−−)s(BaCrOBaCrO4224→++−OHBa2OCrH2)s(BaCrO2222724++→++−+OHOCrH2OCr22272272+→+−+−7.−−→+])OH(Cr[OH)s()OH(Cr4340.0θ10K−=1.0L1Lmol10.0−⋅+3Cr3)OH(CrpH3)OH(Cr1.0LNaOH−])OH(Cr[4[OH-]−])OH(Cr[4()313θsp103.6)OH(CrK−×=+3Cr1913531Lmol100.4Lmol100.1103.6]OH[−−−−−−⋅×=⋅××=40.8)100.4lg(]OHlg[pOH9=×−=−=−−pOH14pH−=60.5=−−→+])OH(Cr[OH)s()OH(Cr4340.0θ10K−=1.0L1Lmol10.0−⋅+3Cr3)OH(Cr1.0LNaOH−])OH(Cr[4])OH(Cr[4−1Lmol10.0−⋅=]OH[])OH(Cr[K4θ−−=1140.0θ4Lmol25.0Lmol1010.0K])OH(Cr[]OH[−−−−−⋅=⋅==3)OH(Cr1.0LNaOH−])OH(Cr[41Lmol35.010.025.0]OH[−−⋅=+=−])OH(Cr[4−++OH4Cr3−])OH(Cr[4()3θspθ434θf)OH(CrKK]OH][Cr[])OH(Cr[K==−+−3140.0103.610−−×=29103.6×=8.+−−+→HCrOHCrO2447θa102.3K−×=OHOCrHCrO222724+→−−33Kθ=1−+−→+27224OCrH2CrO2OH2+θK21Lmol0.1−⋅42CrOK−24CrO−272OCrpH1+−−+→HCrOHCrO2447θ1102.3K−×=OHOCrHCrO222724+→−−33Kθ2=[-2]−+−→+27224OCrH2CrO2OH2+2θ1θ2θ)(KKK=1427102.3)102.3(33×=×=−2−24CrO−272OCr+Hx2mol−24CrO1mol−272OCr]CrO[24−=]OCr[272−=1Lmol31−⋅+−+H2CrO224−272OCrOH2+1422θ102.3x)31(31K×=⋅=810682.9−×=xpH=-lg[H+]=7.019.1→++++−HFeMnO242→++−−OHSOMnO22343→++−−OHMnOMnO244→∆4KMnO5→+HAcMnOK426→++22OKOHMnO7→++−24MnMnO8→++OHKNOKMnO2241OH4MnFe5H8Fe5MnO22324++→++++++−2−−−−++→++OH2MnO2SO3OHSO3MnO222422343OH2MnO3OH4MnOMnO222424+→++−−−422424OMnOMnOKKMnO2++→∆5OH2KAc4MnOKMnO2HAc4MnOK322442+++→+6OH2MnOK2OKOH4MnO224222+→++7++−+→++H4MnO5OH2Mn3MnO222248KOH2KNO3MnO2OHKNO3KMnO232224++→++10.2MnCl)s(NaBiO33NaBiO+2Mn−4MnO−Cl−4MnO()−Cl+2Mn()+2Mn23NaBiO5+++H14OH7Na5Bi5MnO2234+++→++−OH8Cl5Mn2H16Cl10MnO2224++→++−++−−+2Mn+2Mn+2Mn3NaBiO−4MnO+2Mn2MnO−4MnO2++2Mn3OH22+++→H4MnO5211.ABCB)s(NaBiO3DDEFKNCSGNaFEBaCl2HA2MnOB2MnClC2ClD−4MnOE4FeSOF342)SO(FeG−36])NCS(Fe[H4BaSOOH2)g(ClMnCl)(HCl4MnO2222++→∆+OH7Na5Bi5MnO2H14Mn2NaBiO523423+++→++++−++−+++−++→++OH8Fe5MnOH4Fe5MnO32224−+→+363])NCS(Fe[NCS6Fe−−−−+→+NCS6]FeF[F6])NCS(Fe[3636)s(BaSOBaSO4224→++−12.θE+3Mn1Lmol0.1]H[−+⋅=2MnO+2Mn+3Mn543V/EθA++→→251.1395.02MnMnMnOθθEE+3Mn]H[+=11Lmol−⋅+++++→+H4MnMnOOH2Mn22223V56.095.051.1EθMF=−=0.0592zEKlgθMFθ=4577.90592.056.01=×=9θ109.2K×=∴13.θE−++eMn3+2MnV51.1Eθ=−−+e])CN(Mn[36−46])CN(Mn[V244.0Eθ−=Nernst()()++−−=23θ4636θMn/MnE)CN(Mn/)CN(MnE()()−−⋅−=−46θf36θf)CN(MnK)CN(MnKlgV0592.0V51.1V244.0()()−−−46θf36θf)CN(MnK)CN(MnKlg0592.0()()63.290592.0)244.0(51.1)CN(MnK)CN(MnKlg46θf36θf=−−=−−()()2946θf36θf1025.4)CN(MnK)CN(MnK×=−−14.1→+−+IFe32→++++−HFeOCr22723→+−−F])NCS(Fe[n3n4→++−+OHBrCo225→+++OHO])NH(Co[222636→+−+)(NCSCo27→+−+32HCONi8→++)(NHNi329→+)(HCl)OH(NiO10→+23SnClFeCl11→++OHO)OH(Co22212→++NaOHBr)OH(Ni2213→+)(HClOCo3214→++−OHCl)OH(Fe231223IFe2I2Fe2+→++−+2OH7Fe6Cr2H14Fe6OCr2332272++→++++++−3−−−−+→+nNCS]FeF[F6])NCS(Fe[36n3n4−−++→++Br2)OH(Co2OH6BrCo23225−+++→++OH4])NH(Co[4OH2O])NH(Co[4363222636−−+→+242])NCS(Co[)(NCS4Co7+−++→+HNiCOHCONi3328++→+26332])NH(Ni[)(NHNi9OH4)g(ClNiCl2)(HCl6)OH(NiO2222++→+102423FeCl2SnClSnClFeCl2+→+11OxHOCoOH)2x(O21)OH(Co2232222•→−++12OH2NaBr2)OH(NiO2NaOH2Br)OH(Ni2222++→++13OH3CoClH2)g(Cl)(HCl10OCo242232++→+14OH8Cl6FeO2OH10Cl3)OH(Fe222423++→++−−−15.+362])OH(Ti[−34VO−])OH(Cr[4−24CrO−24MnO+362])OH(Fe[+262])OH(Fe[−24]CoCl[+263])NH(Ni[d-d+362])OH(Ti[d-d−34VO−])OH(Cr[4d-d−24CrO−24MnO+362])OH(Fe[d-d+262])OH(Fe[d-d−24]CoCl[d-d+263])NH(Ni[d-d16.1−3342])OC(Mn[−36])CN(Mn[2+33])en(Fe[−36])CN(Fe[3−36]CoF[+33])en(Co[1−3342])OC(Mn[d1g3g2et−36])CN(Mn[d0g4g2et2+33])en(Fe[d2g3g2et−36])CN(Fe[d0g5g2et3−36]CoF[d2g4g2et+33])en(Co[d0g6g2et17.AANaOHNaOHBH2O2CCDEDAAKNCSFAKNCSA+2CoB2)OH(CoC32OCoD−24]CoCl[E2ClF−24])NCS(Co[)s()OH(Co)aq(OH2)aq,(Co22→+−+())l(OH3)s,(OCo)aq(OH)s()OH(Co2232222+→+)(OH3)g(Cl)aq,(CoClH2)(HCl10)s(OCo224232l++→+−+−+→Cl4CoOH]CoCl[2224)(])NCS(Co[NCS4Co242−−+→+18.ABCCKI-BNaOHDDEEEABCD32ONi+2Ni2Cl2)OH(Ni+263])NH(Ni[OH3)g(ClNiCl2)(HCl6ONi22232++→+)s()OH(NiOH2Ni2