英语语法分类复习八非谓语动词专练50

名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+介词短语构成。独立主格结构的构成独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with+名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraised.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD注意:1）独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制。例如：Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.（hand前不能加his）劫匪冲进房间，手里拿着刀2）当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用过去分词，不及物动词用现在分词。例如：Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.1.＿Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing1.D。本题考查独立主格结构,因为前后主语不一致,所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。ItbeingSunday相当于AsitisSunday。Beingabsent,hedidn’tseeMr.Smith.Beingill,hecouldn’tattendthemeeting.Weatherpermitting,we’llgotomorrow.Timepermitting,youmustreaditagain.2.Theboylayonhisback,histeeth＿＿andhisglaringeyes＿＿＿.A.set；lookedB.set；lookingC.setting；lookedD.setting；looking2.B。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语,teeth与set两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词；look这一动作是eyes所发出,所以用looking。Theyoungmanwasbroughtin,hishandstiedback.Theteacherwentout,holdingabookinhishand.3.Allthething＿，hisproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.consider3.A。独立主格结构在句中作状语,因为things与consider之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词。Consideringallthethings,wefind…Considerallthethingsandyouwillfind…4.＿whoshewas,shesaidshewasMr.Johnson'sfriend.A.AskingB.AskedC.TobeaskedD.Whenasking4.B。分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语（she）之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。5.Hehurriedtothestation,＿the9：30trainhadalreadyleft.A.tofindB.foundC.onlytofindD.onlyfinding5.C。本题考查“（only）＋不定式”与“-ing形式”作结果状语的区别。“only＋不定式”表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接“-ing”形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。Thehousehasbeenburnedtotheground,leavingnothingtothem.6.Whichdoyouenjoy＿yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend6.B。本题考查不定式作目的状语,本题极易误选A。其实enjoy的宾语为fishingorwatchingTV。Tospendyourweekends,whichdoyouenjoy,fishingorwatchingTV?7.______allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish7.B。因finish这一动作发生在Ihadadrinkandwentout之前,所以必须用现在分词的完成式。Allmyletters_______,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish8.Shehadnomoney＿abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywithB.buyingC.boughtD.withwhichtobuy8.D。介词＋关系代词＋不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。9.Fromthedates＿onthegoldcoin,itisconformedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked9.B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时,表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语,表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。因为dates是被标在goldcoin上,所以用过去分词表示被动。10.＿timeandlabour,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3fingersandathumb.A.TosaveB.SavedC.SavingD.Havingsaved10.A。不定式作目的状语。11.O’Nealworkshard.Heisoftenseen＿heavilybeforehisteammatesstart.A.sweatedB.tobesweatedC.sweatingD.beingsweated11.C。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat这一动作是he所发出,所以为主动。12.IcanhardlyimaginePeter＿acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed12.C。Peter为逻辑主语，与sailing构成复合结构，作imagine的宾语。13.Such＿thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut＿him.A.being;supportB.is;tosupportC.hasbeen;supportingD.be；supported13.A。can’thelpbut为固定短语,but后面接不带to的不定式；Suchbeingthecase为独立主格结构，thecase为逻辑主语。Such＿thecase,soIcouldn’thelpbutsupporthim.is14.Doesthewayyouthoughtof＿＿＿thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade14.B。thinkofthewaytomakethewaterclean15.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours＿＿inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.beinglocked15.B。lock与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系,即“被锁在书房里”。16.Youwillfindtheword“psychology”_______under“P”inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing16.C。单词psychology被列在“P”之下,有被动关系。findsth.done17.Sandycoulddonothingbut＿tohismotherthathewaswrong.A.admittingB.admitsC.admitD.toadmit17.C。but表示“除了”,为介词,当其前面有动词do的各种形式时,but后接不带to的不定式。18.WhenIcaughthimcheatingme,Istopped＿thingsinhisshop.A.buyingB.buyC.tobuyD.bought18.A。当stop后面接不定式时,表示“停下来去做某事”；如果接-ing形式,则表示“停止正在做的事”。19.Adoctorcanexpect＿＿＿atanyhourofthedayornight.A.callingB.tocallC.beingcalledD.tobecalled19.D。expect后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor与call之间是被动关系。20.NearlyeverygreatbuildinginBeijingwasbuilt＿south.A.tofaceB.facingC.tohavefacedD.beingfacing20.B。现在分词在句中表示状态。21.Withhisson＿＿＿,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.tobedisappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.todisappoint21.B。with复合结构在句中作状语,表示原因,意为“由于儿子很是令人失望。”22.Itwas＿＿＿＿computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed22.B。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing形式。23.Andthere,almost＿＿＿inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost23.D。belostin是固定短语，意为“陷入……之中”。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost。24.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate＿＿＿fromyounowandthen＿＿mehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearing；tellB.tohear；tellC.hearing；tellingD.tohear；totell24.C。appreciate后直接接-ing形式作宾语