英国文学维多利亚时期

TheVictorianPeriod（维多利亚时期criticalrealism批判现实主义1836-1901）IntroductionoftheVictorianperiodVictorianpoetsandpoetryVictoriannovelistsandnovelsTheVictorianPeriod•特征：Commonsenseandmoralpropriety,whichwereignoredbytheRomanticists,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupationinliterarywork.常理和道德这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。TheVictorianPeriodInVictorianPeriodappearedanewliterarytrend—criticalrealism.批判现实主义是19世纪30年代出现在法国并很快遍及欧美的，以分析、描写、暴露和批判现实为主的资产阶级文学思潮。•NovelisthemajorliteraryformintheVictorianPeriod.VictorianpoetsandpoetryRobertBrowning（1812——1889）罗伯特布朗宁•-Englishpoet,wasnotedforhismasteryofdramaticmonologue.(以戏剧独白的诗歌形式著称)-Works:TheRingandtheBook《指环与书》MyLastDuchess《我已故的公爵夫人》VictorianpoetsandpoetryAlfredTennyson（1809——1892）阿尔佛雷德丁尼生-ArepresentativepoetoftheVictorianAge.“桂冠诗人”（PoetLaureate）•Works:•InMemoriam《悼念》•TheidyllsoftheKing《国王叙事诗》•Ulysses《尤利西斯》VictorianpoetsandpoetryMatthewArnold（1822——1888）马修阿诺德•-Apoetandanimportantsocialcriticinthisage.Hispoetryforeshadowsthe“wasteland”ofthetwentieth-century.荒原意识•Works:•EssaysinCriticism《文学评论集》•DoverBeach《多佛海滩》Victoriannovelistsandnovels•CharlesDickens（1812-1870）狄更斯–HeisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.–Hisworksareintendedtoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.–Allhisworksarecharacterizedbyaminglingofhumorandpathos.Victoriannovelistsandnovels•CharlesDickens（1812-1870）狄更斯–Works•ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》•DavidCopperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》•DombeyandSon《董贝父子》•GreatExpectations《远大前程》•OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》•HardTimes《艰难时世》•TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》•PickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》描写的是1789年法国革命以法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难和法国大革命的历史威力，来影射当时的英国社会现实，预示这场“可怕的大火”也将在英国重演。双城指的就是巴黎和伦敦Victoriannovelistsandnovels•ThomasHardy哈代1840-1928–Heisagreatpoetandagreatcriticalandnaturalisticnovelist.HealsocametoquestionandattackVictorianmorals.Hisnovelsrevealaprofoundpessimisticsenseofhumansubjectiontofateandcircumstance.–MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex,afictionalprimitiveregion.–Theseworksareknownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment.”Victoriannovelistsandnovels–Works•TessoftheD’urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》•TheReturnoftheNative《还乡》•JudetheObscure《无名的裘德》•FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》•TheMayorofCasterbridge《卡斯特桥市长》•Dynasties《列王》苔丝是个美丽的乡村姑娘，由于家境贫穷，给与自己同姓的贵族德伯家打工。结果她被主人家的儿子亚历克·德伯诱奸，并生下了一个私生子。由于这个“罪过”，苔丝很受鄙视。在巨大的压力下，再加上小孩夭折，苔丝离家来到一个牛奶场工作，遇到了牧师的儿妇安吉尔·克莱尔。两人相爱并结婚。但在新婚之夜，苔丝向他坦白了自己的过去，安吉尔竟将她抛弃，独自去了巴西。生活困苦，备受侮辱的苔丝苦等安吉尔回来无果，无奈成为了亚历克的情妇。就在这时，安吉尔抱着忏悔的心情，来到苔丝身边想和她重新在一起。这时苔丝杀死了亚历克。在他们逃亡的途中，苔丝被警察抓到，被判了死刑。Victoriannovelistsandnovels•TheBronteSisters勃朗特三姐妹–Charlotte1816-1855»JaneEyre《简爱》–Emily1718-1849»WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》–Anne1820-1849AgnesGrey《阿格尼斯·格雷》CharlotteEmilyAnneVictoriannovelistsandnovels•GeorgeEliot乔治·艾略特1819-1880-Thepioneeringwoman,wasthefirstnovelistthat“startedputtingalltheactionsinside”.第一个“把情节都包括进去的小说家”。-Mostofhernovelshavetwofeatures:moralteachingandpsychologicalrealism.精神说教和心理现实主义。Victoriannovelistsandnovels•GeorgeEliot乔治·艾略特1819-1880–worksTheMillontheFloss《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》SilasMarner《织工马南传》Middlemarch《米德尔马契》VictoriannovelistsandnovelsWilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉·麦克皮斯·萨克雷-HeisoneofthemostimportantwritersoftheEnglishcriticalrealism.works-VanityFair《名利场》ThroughhisVanityFairThackeraysharplyexposesthevicesofhissociety:hypocrisy,money-worship,andmoraldegradation.虚伪，拜金主义和道德精神堕落。VictoriannovelistsandnovelsRobertStevenson罗伯特·史蒂文森HeisanEnglishnovelist.works-TreasureIsland《金银岛》-Kidnapped《诱拐》OscarWilde奥斯卡·王尔德-Headvocatedthetheoryof“artforart’ssake”.为艺术而艺术-Aestheticism（唯美主义）[i:s'θetisizəm]works长篇小说:ThePictureofDorianGray《道林·格雷的画像》戏剧:LadyWindermere’sFan《温德米尔夫人的扇子》童话集:TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales《快乐王子童话集》JosephConrad约瑟夫·康拉德-Hisexperienceasasailormadetheseahisfavoritetheme.-HisworksareconcernedwiththenatureandeffectsofEuropeanimperialism,botheconomicandcolonial.Works-HeartsofDarkness《黑暗的心灵》-LordJim《吉姆爷》练习•Inthe19thcenturyEnglishliterature,anewliterarytrend____appeared.Anditflourishedinthefortiesandintheearlyfifties.•A.romanticismB.naturalism•C.realismD.criticalrealismD练习•WhichofthefollowingwritingsisnottheworkbyCharlesDickens?A.ATaleofTwoCities.B.OliverTwist.C.HardTimes.D.SonsandLovers.D练习•TheMillontheFlosswaswrittenby___•A.EmilyBronte•B.ThomasHardy•C.GeorgeEliot•D.RobertStevensonC练习•ThetwocitiesinATaleofTwoCitiesreferto____.•A.LondonandNewYorkB.LondonandParis•C.ParisandNewYorkD.BrusselsandWashingtonBTHANKYOU!!!