5.3分式的加减法(第1课时)得分________卷后分________评价________1.同分母的分式相加减,分母____,把分子____,即____.2.根据分式的,把异分母的分式化成同分母的分式的过程,叫做分式的通分;通分的关键是确定.3.异分母的分式相加减,先,化成的分式,然后再按的分式加减法法则进行计算,即:.ba±ca=ba±dc=(bc)ac±(ad)ac=不变相加减基本性质最简公分母通分同分母同分母acbacadcb同分母的分式相加减1-11.(3分)(2014·盐城)化简:.2.(3分)(2014·遵义)计算:的结果是____.xx-2-2x-2=1a-1+a1-aB30a2b3c2通分3.(3分)化简时需要通分,分式通分时,的分子、分母要同时乘以()A.x-2B.x+2C.2xD.x2-44.(3分)分式的最简公分母是.2xx2-4与1x-22xx2-4-1x-21x-213a2c2,-12ab,15b3c异分母的分式相加减5.(4分)化简,可得()6.(4分)化简的结果是()7.(4分)化简:.8.(6分)先化简,再求值,其中a=3,b=1.1x-1x-1A.1x2-xB.-1x2-xC.1x2-xD.2x-1x2-x2xx2-9+13-xA.1x-3B.1x+3C.13-xD.3x+3x2-91x+1x(x-1)=2ba2-b2+1a+bBB1x-1解:129.(10分)计算:(1)aa+2+a2-a+3a-2a2-4;(2)2a2-ab-2ab+b2-4a2-b2.解:12-a解:-2ab一、选择题(每小题3分,共12分)CA.ba-b-1a=-1aB.52a+52a=5C.1m-n+1n-m=0D.ax+2bx=2(a+b)xD1x-y与2x+yC10.下列计算正确的是()11.化简的结果是()A.b+2aB.b-2aC.2a-bD.-2a-b12分式的最简公分母是()A.x-yB.x+yC.(x-y)(x+y)D.2(x-y)(x+y)13.计算的结果是()b22a-b+4a2b-2a1x-1-1x+1+21-xA.-2xB.-2x-1C.-2xx2-1D.-2x-4x2-1Cx+25-3-12二、填空题(每小题3分,共12分)14.(2014·白银)化简:x2x-2+42-x=.15.若1m+1n=7m+n,则nm+mn的值为.16.(2014·泰州)已知a2+3ab+b2=0(a≠0,b≠0),则代数式ba+ab的值等于.17.(2014·内江)已知1a+12b=3,则代数式2a-5ab+4b4ab-3a-6b的值为.三、解答题(共36分)18.(10分)计算:(1)x+3yx2-y2-x+2yx2-y2+2x-3yx2-y2;(2)(aa+b-ba-b-1)÷2abb2-a2解:1解:-13解:2x+y19.(10分)化简,求值:(1)x-1x2-1-xx+1,其中x=2;(2)a+2ba+b+2b2a2-b2,其中a=-2,b=13.解:6720.(8分)先化简,然后从-1,0,2中选取一个合适的数作为x的值代入求值.x-1x÷(x-2x-1x)解:化简得1x-1.当x=-1时,值为-12【综合运用】21.(8分)今年十一期间,几名中学生包租一辆车准备从市区到郊外游玩,租金为300元,出发时,又增加了2名同学,总人数达到x名,开始包车的几名学生平均每人可比原来少分摊多少元钱?解:300x-2-300x=600x(x-2)(元)