高中英语 虚拟语气

GrammarSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气一.语气的分类1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等.Let’shaveatalk.Don’tjumpinthequeue.英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。3.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.例如：1）IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.2）Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.3）IfJackhadscoredthatgoal,wewouldhavewonthematch.4）Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.二.虚拟语气的用法:（一）.用于条件状语从句中:主从句构成时态虚拟条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+动词过去时(be用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,you’dhavepassedtheexam.1.If条件句中的虚拟语气主从句构成虚拟条件从句主句例句与将来情况相反的假设①If+主语+动词的过去时②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.时态•虚拟语气中的倒装：•如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思1)Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,you’dhavepassedtheexam.Hadyoutakenmyadvice,you’dhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.3)Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthemeetingtillnextweekShoulehenotcometomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeetingtillnextweek.2.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气即用without(＝butfor)“要不是”,or(else)“否则”ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenfor(=without/butfor),but代替if从句。1）Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Iftherehadn’tbeen/wehadn’tgothishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.2）Shewouldhavecomehere,butshewastoobusywithherhomework.＝Shewouldhavecomehere,ifshehadnotbeentoobusywithherhomework.虚拟语气高考链接1.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，可以理解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadnthadanunexpectedvisitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。•3)Ifithadnotbeenforthecaptain’sefforts,theshipwouldhavesunk.3.混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用would/could/should/might+do(表示与现在相反)，如：1）Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.2）Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.3）Ifwehaddriveninturnsyesterday,youwouldfeelbetternow.（二）.虚拟语气用于名词性从句中:1.用于主语从句中:(1)Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:eg:It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiersbesenttothefieldhospitalatonce.注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”:insist,advise,suggest,propose;deside;require,request,desire,demand;order,command(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/surprising/essential/vital/apity+从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:eg:Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.2.用于宾语从句中:(1)在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用would/could/might+动词原形:HowIwish______abirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky!（be）IwishI___________somanymistakesinthelastexam.(make)HowIwishit______rainingnow!(be)wereHadnotmadeWeren’t(2)在wouldrather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反:eg.I’dratheryoucametomorrow.I'dratheryouhadn'ttoldhimthenews.(3)在advise,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest后用should+动词原形,should可以省略:eg.Hesuggestedwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.Weinsistedtheynotbepresentatsuchgathering.Heorderedthatall(should)takepartinthework.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)havelunchwiththem.但是:当suggest表示“暗示,表明”insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:eg.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.3.用于表语从句中:在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的表语从句中:eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Thegeneral’sorderwasthatallthesoldiersreachtheborderintenhours.4.用于同位语从句中:在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面的同位语从句中,如:E.g.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatwegototheHappyValleyforanouting.Ordercamethatthesoldiersbesenttotheborder.Hereisthedoctor’sadvicethatyoushouldtakethemedicine4timesaday.（三）.用于其他句型:1.在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去时,或should+动词原形(should不能省略):eg.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.It’stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.2.用于ifonly(要是…就好了)引导的感叹句中，用法同wish,如:eg.IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadknownhertelephonenumber/e-mailaddress!IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!•3用于asif,asthough引导的从句时:•以asif、asthough（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气,与现在相反用过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereanadult.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.Bettertakeanumbrellawithyou.Itlookasifahevenrainisaroundthecorner.•4.May+动词原形，表示祝愿.如:Maythefriendshipbetweenourtwopeopleslastforever!Mayyousucceed!Maytheplanwork!1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.A.would