串联蓄电池组的均衡充电技术研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文串联蓄电池组的均衡充电技术研究姓名：吴奎东申请学位级别：硕士专业：机械电子工程指导教师：刘利;姚香根20050201--IV/--V/--VIREASEARCHOFBALANCECHARGINGFORSERIES-CONNECTEDBATTERIESABSTRACTThisthesisintroducesthemodulesofControlsystemofDCpowerSupply,comparesandanalyzesthechargingequalizationmethodsforseries-connectedBatteries,proposesanon-dissipativebalancechargingmethod.Addition,thehardwareandthecircuitaregiven,andanexperimenthasbeendonetotestthefeasibilityofproject.DCpowerSupplyismainlyusedinpowerplant,transformersubstationandcommunicationindustry,whichsuppliespowerforrelayprotecting,thebreakeraction,communicationandaccidentlighting.ThecoreofDCpowersystemisseries-connectedBatteries,whoseperformancedeterminesthereliabilityandstabilityoftheDCpowerSupply.ThemonitorandcontrolsystemisusedforDCpowersupplytomonitorandcontroldataacquisitionandtransmitandinquiry,whichiswidelyusedinfield.Aproblemoccurs:thecyclelifeofseries-connectedBatteriesisshorterthanthenormallife.Therearethreefactorswhichcanaffectthecyclelife,oneisthephysicalparameterofthebattery;thesecondistheunreasonablechargingsystem;thethirdisthedifferentrestoredcapacityineachbattery,whichisharmfulforthoseoverchargedandoverdischargedbatteries.Inordertoextendbatterycyclelife,thechargingmoduleforthebatterymusthavetheabilityofchargingequalization.Thisthesisproposesanon-dissipativebalancechargingcircuitbasedonbuck/boostconverterforaseries-connectedbattery.Eachbatteryinthebatterybankisassociatedwithabuck-boostconverter.Thissub-circuitcanefficientlyalleviatetheunbalanceofchargeamongbatteriesbytakingoffthechargefromtheaffluentlychargedbatteriesandthenallottingtothoseinsufficientones.Aalgorithmisproposedinthethesis.Abatterybankwithtwoseries-connectedsimulated-batteriesisusedforillustratingtheoperatingbehavioranddescribingtheoperationmodesofthebalance--VIIchargingcircuit.Theresultsofexperimentsconvincinglyprovetheapplicabilityoftheproposedapproach.KEYWORDS:dcpowersupply,battery,series-connectedbattery,buck/boostconverter,chargingequalization2005219--11.10450--21.21.2.1--31.2.21.2.3--4--5--61.3--72.12.1.12.1.2--82.1.3Fig2-1Power&controlgeneratrix--9RS4852.22.2.12-2Fig2-2StructurechartRS485RS485RS485RS485--10220V110V2.2.2RS485RS485MODBUSRS4852000V2.2.3RS485DC0VDC300VDC0VDC300VDC0VDC300VDC0VDC300VDC0VDC75MV--11DC0VDC75MVAC0VAC280VDC0VDC300V8DC0VDC75MV4AC0VAC280V610M12A/D1%DC0VDC75MV2.2.4RS4852.2.5RS485200V16V12A/D1%2.2.6RS485200V10V12A/D1%--123.1--133.23.33.3.1--143-1Fig3-1Thestructureoflead-acidbattery3.3.2--153.3.325--163.3.43.3.4.1--173.3.4.2--183-2--19()3.43.4.1--203.4.23.53.5.1244232PbOHSOHPbSOHO-+──→+++←──442PbHSOPbSOHe-+──→+++←──22442222PbPbOHSOPbSOHO──→+++←──3.5.23.5.2.1--213.5.2.23.5.2.33.5.33.5.3.124--223.5.3.23.5.40atIIe-=“”--230000/atCIdtIedtIa∞∞-===∫∫--244.14.24.2.1--254.2.2.14.2.2.2--26PLC--274-3Fig4-3ChargeequalizationfigureabFig4-4ChargeequalizationmethodofSOC--28194.3/DC-DC4.3.1Fig4-5ChargeequalizationNIch1/iiLiSiLiDiMi--29MOSFETMOSFET4.5B1M1DiM2MnM14.6MNSN/BNLNSNDiLNB1,B2,….Bn-1BnMNSNSN--30MNSNSNM2Mn-1MnM13.7M1M1S1M1B1S1M1S1--31M1SN4.8IchMnDCMDCMVB4-8Fig4-8WaveformsofachargeequalizationSub-circuit--32SnisnisnVBLDn,00,BsnnssnnssVittDTLiDTtT⎧=≤≤⎪⎨⎪=≤≤⎩/Sn,Idis,n2,12sBnSdisnsnsTVDTIidtTL==∫SnM2MN,M1M1Mi2,21,1,12(1)2(1),12(1)BnsBnsBrelnnBBsrelnVDTVDTVIDnLnVLnVDTInLN⎧==≠⎪--⎪⎨⎪==⎪-⎩Bm,,1,1,,2,1NobtmrelreliimNobtmreliiIIIIIm=+=⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪==⎪⎩∑∑4.3.2PWMSOCstateofcharge20.2417.21853.088SVV=-+-A/D--33SOC,54-9Fig4-9Controlflowchart3.9TvdpTcepTvdpQest,nSOCQest,nSOCSOC=C/CTOTAL100%C=(i×t)mAh--34IchTcepQtar,11NtarchcepestnnQITQN==+∑34Gauss-SeidelQn,,,()nestnobtndisnchcepQQIIIT=+-+tarQTsnQtarQnQ6724672,1/21111,11/22322()(,,......,)[],1112()(,,......,)[],11NestntarchcepinnnNinBScepNesttarchcepinnNiBScepLQQITDDDfDDDnNiVTTLQQITDDfDDDniVTT+=+=-+⎧==++≠⎪--⎪⎨-+⎪==+=⎪-⎩∑∑nfnD23,....,DD4.10(8)Gauss-Seide--354-10Fig4-10Theflowcharttosolvedutiesofthesub-circuitsDC-DC//--365.15-1Fig5-1Thestructureofchargeequalization--375.25.2.15.2.1.1--38212nnnnRUURR′=+U′--395.2.1.22_1testBTRVVR=×VtestA/D0Vref--405.2.25.2.35.2.3.15.2.3.2--415.2.3.35.35-5Fig5-5Chargingequalizationchart--42MOSFET5.45-6Fig5-6Themeasurementchartofmassbatteries5.4.1--435-7Fig5-7Watch-dogcircuit5.4.2--445-8Fig5-8Thecircuitofcommunication5.4.3I/O--455-9A/DFig5-9A/DcircuitchartTLC2543CLOCKDATAOUTDATAINPUTCSAT89C52P1.4P1.5P1.7P1.65.4.474HC138N74HC138,74HC138CMOSTTLHC138(1,23)EEE10TTL--46Fig5-10Circuitchartofselectingwiring5.55.5.15.5.25.5.2.1/didt--475.5.2.2RCRLD--4825.5.3123EMIEMIEMIEMI4PCB100f0.01f0.1fICIC5.5.4123NOPRETRETICALLRECALLLJMP4--4956--506.1--510220ms1212DUTY1sYNN--52BABABABABA0.652.631.992.722.352.732.452.742.482.740.742.652.012.722.352.732.452.752.482.740.822.672.032.722.362.732.452.742.482.740.92.672.052.722.362.732.462.742.482.750.972.682.072.722.372.732.462.742.482.751.042.682.092.722.372.732.462.742.482.751.112.692.112.722.382.732.462.742.482.751.172.692.122.722.382.732.462.742.482.751.232.692.142.722.392.742.462.742.482.751.292.72.162.722.392.742.462.742.482.751.352.72.172.722.42.742.462.742.482.751.42.72.192.722.42.732.472.752.482.751.452.72.22.7