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闻立婷蔡姣龙黎彤彤李一鹤王亚秋子刘茜MarkTwain-MirrorofAmerica•TheauthorNoelGrove•MarkTwain•1)Hislife•2)Hiswritingstyle•3)Someofhisfamousworks•4)HisLiteraryInfluenceNoelGrove•Heisafreelancewriterwhosemainbusinessiswritingnon-fictionbooks.Hehasjustpublishedhis9thbook,entitledAnyoneButDuane,anexaminationofthelifeofaniceguywhoturnedkillerandwhyhegotthatway.Heworkedfor25yearsasastaffwriterforNationalGeographicMagazine.MostwidelyheldworksbyNoelGrove•Wildlandsforwildlife:America'snationalrefugesbyNoelGrove(图书)5editionspublishedin1984in英语andheldby1,366librariesworldwide•NationalGeographicatlasofworldhistorybyNoelGrove(图书)4editionspublishedin1997in英语andheldby881librariesworldwide•PreservingEden:theNatureConservancybyNoelGrove(图书)1editionpublishedin1992in英语andheldby714librariesworldwide•Rangeoflight:theSierraNevadabyPhilSchermeister(图书)2editionspublishedin1999in英语andheldby628librariesworldwide•BirdsofNorthAmericabyNoelGrove(图书)2editionspublishedin1996in英语andheldby501librariesworldwideMorethan200photographsintroducesongbirds,raptors,gamesbirds,shorebirds,andwaterbirds.•Earth'slastgreatplaces:exploringtheNatureConservancyworldwidebyNoelGrove(图书)2editionspublishedin2003in英语andheldby433librariesworldwide•Livingplanet:preservingEdensoftheEarthbyFransLanting(图书)2editionspublishedin1999in英语andheldby411librariesworldwide•AnyonebutDuanebyNoelGrove(图书)1editionpublishedin2008in英语andheldby16librariesworldwide•IllustrierterAtlasderWeltgeschichte(图书)1editionpublishedin1998in德语andheldby14librariesworldwide•Parelsvandeaarde:behoudvan'swereldsmooistenatuurgebiedenbyFransLanting(图书)1editionpublishedin1999in荷兰语（Dutch）andheldby11librariesworldwideFotoboekmetinformatieveteksten.MarkTwainHisearlylifeSamuelLanghorneClemens(November30,1835–April21,1910),betterknownbyhispennameMarkTwain,wasanAmericanauthorandhumorist.SamuelwasborninFlorida,Missouri,ofaVirginianfamily,andhewasthesixthofsevenchildrenbutonlythreeofhissiblingssurvivedchildhood:hisbrotherOrion(July17,1825–December11,1897);Henry,whodiedinariverboatexplosion(July13,1838–June21,1858);andPamela(September19,1827–August31,1904).HissisterMargaret(May31,1830–August17,1839)diedwhenhewasthree,andhisbrotherBenjamin(June8,1832–May12,1842)diedthreeyearslater.Anotherbrother,Pleasant(1828–1829),diedatsixmonths.•WhenMarkTwainwasfour,hisfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,aporttownontheMississippiRiver,andthereyoungTwainbecamefamiliarwiththeinstitutionofslavery,athemehewouldlaterexploreinhiswriting.InMarch1847.whenTwainwas11,hisfatherdiedofpneumonia肺炎.Thenextyear,hebecameaprinter'sapprentice学徒.In1851,hebeganworkingasatypesetterandcontributorofarticlesandhumoroussketchesfortheHannibalJournal,anewspaperownedbyhisbrotherOrion.•Whenhewas18,heleftHannibalandworkedasaprinterinNewYorkCity,Philadelphia费城,andSt.Louis.HejoinedthenewlyformedInternationalTypographicalUnion,theprintersunionandeducatedhimselfinpubliclibrariesintheevenings,findingwiderinformationthanataconventionalschool.At22,hereturnedtoMissouri.•Whiletraining,SamuelconvincedhisyoungerbrotherHenrytoworkwithhim.HenrywaskilledonJune21,1858,whenthesteamboathewasworkingon.Twainwasguilt-strickenandheldhimselfresponsiblefortherestofhislife.HecontinuedtoworkontheriverandwasariverpilotuntiltheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861andtrafficalongtheMississippiwascurtailed缩短.marriage•OliviaLangdonClemensandSamuelmarriedinFebruary1870inElmira,NewYork.ThecouplelivedinBuffalo,NewYork,from1869to1871.TwainownedastakeintheBuffaloExpressnewspaperandworkedasaneditorandwriter.WhilelivinginBuffalo,theirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheriaat19months.•Oliviagavebirthtothreedaughters:Susy(1872–1896),Clara(1874–1962)andJean(1880–1909).Thecouple'smarriagelasted34years,untilOlivia'sdeathin1904.AlloftheClemensfamilyareburiedinElmira'sWoodlawnCemetery.deathIn1909,Twainisquotedassaying:[39]IcameinwithHalley'sCometin1835.Itiscomingagainnextyear,andIexpecttogooutwithit.ItwillbethegreatestdisappointmentofmylifeifIdon'tgooutwithHalley'sComet.TheAlmightyhassaid,nodoubt:'Nowherearethesetwounaccountablefreaks;theycameintogether,theymustgoouttogether.'Hispredictionwasaccurate–TwaindiedofaheartattackonApril21,1910,inRedding,Connecticut,onedayafterthecomet'sclosestapproachtoEarth.•Twain'sfuneralwasattheOldBrickPresbyterianChurchinNewYork.Heisburiedinhiswife'sfamilyplotatWoodlawnCemeteryinElmira,NewYork.Hisgraveismarkedbya12-foot(i.e.,twofathoms,ormarktwain)monument,placedtherebyhissurvivingdaughter,Clara.Thereisalsoasmallerheadstone.•Ineighteensixty-one,theAmericanCivilWarputanendtosteamboattrafficontheMississippi.SoClemenstraveledwestandbecameareporterfornewspapersinNevadaandCalifornia.•Later,hewrotefunnystoriesandcalledhimselfMarkTwain.Twainbecamefamousforhisstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountry《卡县名蛙》ineighteensixty-five.Ittellsaboutajumpingcompetitionamongfrogs.•Twainalsotraveledalotandbeganwritingbooksabouthistravels.HisstoriesaboutatriptoEuropeandtheMiddleEastwerepublishedinTheInnocentsAbroad.AndhisstoriesaboutlifeinthewesternUnitedStatesbecamethebookcalledRoughingIt.•Duringtheeighteeneighties,hewrotebooks