64北京大学分析化学01概论

分析化学AnalyticalChemistrySpring,2007LecturerInformationTel.62761187(Lab)E-mail:[e-mail]：S406（内）Lecturehour:class3-4Tue.Classroom：理教123FTPSite:@162.105.27.66/¾Lecturehours:Lecture28hMid-term2hFinal2h¾Textbook：¾AnalyticalChemistry(8thed)D.A.Skoog,Fortworth:SaundersCollegePub.,2004.¾《分析化学教程》李克安主编北大出版社，2005¾《定量化学分析简明教程》，北大出版社，1997¾《分析化学教程习题解析》,李克安主编北大出版社，2006CourseInformationandRequirements¾GradingPolicy：Mid-Term35%Final50%Homework10%TermpaperorOralPresentation5%¾Homeworkduedate:Before5:00PMoneachlecturedayTwonotebooksforhomework,withnameandstudentID¾Question&Answer(答疑):–Wednesday:1:00-4:30PM,N412–Monday1:00-4:30PM,S406(内）AboutOurTextbook,LectureNotes¾Pleasebenicetothebook!¾Readasmuchasyoucan!!!!¾What’sgiveninPPTlecturenoteshardcopyareallrequired!¾Mylecturemaynotfollowthelecturenotes.Iwilltrytogiveyouthewholepictureofeachsubjectwewilltalkaboutandyouworkoutthedetail!Howtodowellinthisclass¾CometoClassontime¾ComebeingPrepared-About40-50slides/lecture¾Gooverlectureafterclass¾Studybyworkingonproblems.¾WorkforunderstandingGobackandforthbetweentheproblems,theexamples,andthetextinthebook.¾Studyharderbecauseyouarestudyingthecoursetaughtinyourandmysecondlanguage!Whatwecandotogether?¾Iwilltrytobringallofyouuptothetopofthehillandletyouhaveanoverviewoftheblueprint.¾WhatIneedyoutodoistocooperatewithme.Weworktogether!¾Ihopethatnoonefailsinthisclass.¾Let’strytogethertowin.Chapter1IntroductiontoAnalyticalChemistry¾TheRoleofAnalyticalChemistry¾StepsforQuantitativeAnalysis¾MethodsforQuantitativeAnalysis¾Chemicals,Apparatus,andUnitOperationsofTitration¾CalculationsinAnalyticalChemistryTheDefinitionofAnalyticalChemistry分析化学是发展和应用各种方法、仪器和策略，以获得有关物质在空间和时间方面组成和性质的信息科学。Analyticalchemistryisascientificdisciplinethatdevelopsandappliesmethods,instrumentsandstrategiestoobtaininformationonthecompositionandnatureofmatterinspaceandtime.byFECAFederationofEuropeanChemicalSocieties欧洲化学会联盟FriedrichWilhelmOstwald(1853-1932)1909NobelLaureateinChemistryAnalyticalchemistry,whichistheartoftestingsubstancesandtheirconstituents,playsaveryimportantroleamongthemanyapplicationofscientificchemistry,becausethosequestionswhichitanswersarisewheneverchemicalprocessesareusedforscientificortechnicalpurposes.”TakaharuHONJOAnalyticalChemistryasMethodologyinModernPureandAppliedChemistryANALYTICALSCIENCES2001,VOL.17SUPPLEMENTi567，2001分析化学即鉴定各种物质和测定其成分的技术，在科学的应用中占有显著地位。分析化学教程p3TheRelationofAnalyticalChemistry,OtherBranchesofChemistry,andtheOtherSciencesBiologyGeologyEnvironmentalScienceAgricultureSocialSciencesMaterialScienceMedicineEngineeringPhysicsChemistryAnalyticalChemistryAnalyticalSciencetheCenterofScience正如1991年IUPAC国际分析科学会议主席E.NIKI教授所说，21世纪是光明还是黑暗取决于人类在能源与资源科学、信息科学、生命科学与环境科学四大领域的进步，而取得这些领域进步的关键问题的解决主要依赖于分析科学。¾Genomics(基因组),Proteomics(蛋白组)Projects¾DevelopmentandApplicationofNanotech¾EnvironmentalProtection¾Diagnosisofdiseasesonearlystage-PreventiveMedicine¾DopingControlAnalyses兴奋剂的检测(9WorldLabs,Jan2004)¾Asia—DNAprofilesforvictims911WTCattackinNewYork,earthquakeandtsunamiinSoutheastAsiaThisIsTrulytheGoldenAgeofAnalyticalChemistry!¾Sensitivity-Single-moleculespectroscopythusoffersvaluableinformationthatcannotbeobtainedbystudyingabulksample¾Separationandanalysisofchemicalandbiologicalmixturesofextremecomplexityandheterogeneity¾Acquisitionofspatialandtimeinformation扩展时空多维信息¾MiniaturizationofInstrumentandSmallDimensionanalysisattachingenzymestotheelectrodecoatingsforusein,forexample,themonitoringofbloodglucosefordiabetics¾MorphologicalAnalysisandStateAnalysis形态、状态分析及表征¾MacromoleculesandBiomacromolecules¾Non-invasivedeterminationandremotedetermination非破坏性检测及遥控¾AutomaticandIntelligent自动化与智能化TrendsinModernAnalyticalChemistryQuantitativeAnalyticalChemistry¾ChemicalAnalysisColorofindicatorchangesbasedonchemicalreaction¾InstrumentalAnalysisElectronic/magnetic/optical/masssignalchangeSampleConverterReadingQuantitativeAnalyticalMethods¾化学分析法(ChemicalAnalysis)¾重量分析(GravimetricAnalysis)¾滴定分析(VolumetricAnalysis)¾仪器分析法(InstrumentalAnalysis)¾SpectralAnalysis光分析：紫外-可见、红外、荧光、磷光、激光拉曼、核磁共振、原子发射、原子吸收¾Electrical电分析:电位、电导、库仑、安培、极谱¾Chromatography色谱法：GC、HPLC、CE¾OtherMethods：¾MassSpectroscopy质谱¾Electronspectroscopy电子能谱¾Neutronactivationanalysis中子活化分析¾Immunoassay免疫分析ATypicalQuantitativeAnalysisProcedureChoosingaMethodSamplePreparationMeasurePropertySampleDeterminationResultCalculation&DataAnalysisMeasurableProperty?Soluble?CarryoutChemicalDissolutionEliminateInterferencesChangeChemicalFormEventodaytheeraofmodernanalyticalchemistry,thisprocedureisstillfollowed.IntroductiontoVolumetricTitrimetry容量(滴定)分析法简介¾SomeTermsUsedinVolumetricTitrimetry¾ChemicalReactionsUsedforTitration¾PrimaryStandard基准物质andSolutions标准溶液¾滴定分析中的体积测量¾VolumetricCalculations滴定分析的计算TerminologiesforVolumetricAnalysisHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O化学计量点(sp)Stoichiometricpoint滴定终点(ep)Endpoint终点误差(Et)Endpointerror指示剂(In)Indicators滴定管(Buret)滴定剂(Titrant)被滴定溶液(Titrand)WaysofTitration¾DirectTitration直接滴定¾DisplacementTitration置换滴定：用K2Cr2O7标定Na2S2O3(KI)¾BackTitration返滴定:Zn2+N