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专题二冠词⊙怎么考1.在语篇中考查冠词的基本用法和固定搭配。2.在某些名词的搭配中的特殊用法。⊙怎么学在平时的学习中密切关注其用法，在阅读中细心品味。⊙怎么解在解答冠词类试题时，要注意三大原则：一是判断表示泛指还是特指；二是判断空格后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词；三是判断空格后的名词是抽象名词还是具体名词。Ⅰ.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In1931，Addamsbecame________firstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while，exercising，ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.3.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven________mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.4.(2015·广东卷)Heowned________farm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.Luckily，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.5.(2015·江苏卷)—Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?—Well，youknowhe’s________wetblanket.6.(2015·浙江卷)Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite________children’sbookformanyyears，butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin________way.7.(2015·重庆卷)Ijustheard________bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby________gunmanwearingamask.8.(2014·天津卷)Lifeislike________ocean：Only________strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.9.(2014·湖南卷)Byavoidingthingslikelytoupsetyourneighbors，youcanenjoy________friendlyrelationshipwiththem.10.(2014·广东卷)SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon________topfloor.答案1.the[序数词前面加定冠词the。]2.a[考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达forawhile一会儿。]3.the[考查冠词。the放在形容词最高级的前面。]4.a[考查冠词。此处指一座农场。]5.a[句意：——为什么你没邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定表达awetblanket令人扫兴的人或物。]6.a；the[句意：琼的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。考查冠词。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达getintheway妨碍，阻碍。]7.the；a[句意：我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora工作的那家银行”，第二空为泛指，表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。]8.an；the[考查冠词的基本用法。句意：生活像一片海洋：只有意志坚强的人能到达彼岸。第一个空用an表示泛指，指生活像一片海洋。第二个空用“定冠词the＋形容词”表示一类人，此处thestrong－willed表示“意志坚强的人”。]9.a[尽可能避免烦扰你的邻居，你才能跟他们一起享受友好的关系。relationship此处指一种和谐的关系，此处是可数名词。]10.the[考查定冠词的用法。特指最高层。]Ⅱ.考点集训集训❶单句语法填空1.(2016·江苏卷)ElNinõ，________Spanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfisherman.2.(2016·浙江卷)________prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis________two-weekholidayinParis.3.(2015·四川卷)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic；heisverylikelytobe________Beethoven.4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now，yearslater，thisriverisoneof________mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.5.(2014·江西卷)TheychoseTomtobe________captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas________smartleader.6.(2014·浙江卷)Thepaperisduenextmonth，andIamworkingsevendays________week，oftenlonginto________night.7.(2014·重庆卷)Ican’ttellyou________waytotheWilsons’becausewedon’thave________Wilsonhereinthevillage.8.Itis________greatpleasureformetogiveaspeechon________natureofhumanbeings.9.Theviewerswillhave________secondchancetowatchTheVoiceofChinaonChannel4tonight.10.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourworkingefficiency，itwillbe________mustforyoutomake________mostofyourtime.答案1.a2.The；a3.a4.the5.the；a6.a；the7.the；a8.a；the9.a10.a；the集训❷用适当的冠词完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会冠词的用法。Onceupon__1__time，therewas__2__oldwomanlivingat__3__footofthemountain.Sheled__4__poorlife，butshewasverykind.Shelovedanimals，andshewouldpreparefoodforbirdsinthewindows，justliketheirowners.Alotofbirdssuchasswallowsandsparrowswouldliketoliveunderherroof.On__5__sunnyday，ahunterwith__6__bowandsomearrowsappearednearherhouseandshethoughtthatsomethingbadwouldhappen.Soshefollowed__7__hunterandfoundthathewasshootingat__8__hare.Shewasangryandshoutedathimloudly.Thehunterwasscaredtodeathandranaway.Whenshecameupto__9__hare，tohersorrow，shefoundtheharewasinjuredandlayin__10__shadowofatreewithoutanymovement.Shebroughtithomeatonceandfeditonsomeherb.Afterseveraldays，withherintensivecare，theharerecoveredfinally.答案1.a2.an3.the4.a5.a6.a7.the8.a9.the10.the■知识胸有成竹一、不定冠词的3种基本用法及2种灵活用法1.基本用法(1)表示类指，或指某类中的任何一个。(2)表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。(3)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。2.灵活用法(1)不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/acertain。(2)“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一、再一”；“amost＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。二、定冠词的5种基本用法1.特指某人或某事。2.用在专有名词前，或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。3.用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only，very，same等之前。4.用在表示计量的名词前，如bythehour，bytheday，bytheweek，bythedozen，bytheyard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如byweight/height等。5.某些形容词前面加定冠词表示某类人或物。三、定冠词用于固定结构及固定短语中1.用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。2.用于“动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。3.用于themore...themore...(越……越……)结构中。四、零冠词的3个基本用法1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。3.表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。集训❸奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Amason(泥瓦匠)workingonaKansasuniversitystadiumfound__1__88-year-oldhand-writtennote，whichgivesaglimpseintothelivesofworkersin1928.Themasonfoundthenoteinatobaccocanwhile__2__(replace)stones.Itisdiscoveredthatthefiveauthors__3__(write)thenoteonFeb.2，1928，__4__(hope)theletterwouldbefoundsomedayinthefuture，perhapsaftertheydied.Thenearly100-wordmessageexplainsthatmasonsmade$10perdayandotherworkersmade$3.20perday.Italsoexpressesthehope__5__“thingswillbebetter”fortheworkingmeninthefuture.Thedocumentwillbesenttoamuseumforcleaningand__6__(protect)covering.Therearen’tplans__7__(display)thedocumentatthemoment，butitcould__8__(possible)bedisplayedinthestadiumwhentheprojectiscompleted.“Itispossiblethatthenotewillbeeitherexhibitedastheoriginalitem__9__itwillbedigitizedandwecanputacopyoutsothelightdoesn’tcausethelettertofadeworse，”Hightsaid.Thepro