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专题八非谓语动词⊙怎么考在语篇语境中考查非谓语动词的基本用法，侧重考查作定语、状语、补足语的用法。⊙怎么学在平时阅读、写作练习中，认真体会其基本用法，尝试运用。⊙怎么解1.分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语等)；2.搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。Ⅰ.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Itwasagreathonour________(invite)backstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase，whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.3.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.4.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)________(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.5.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.6.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.7.(2015·广东卷)Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow，hestartedcuttingdowntrees________(sell)thewood.8.(2015·江苏卷)Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.9.(2015·湖南卷)Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.10.(2015·湖南卷)SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.答案1.tobeinvited[考查固定句型，it’sagreathonourtodosth做某事很荣幸，根据句意：很荣幸被邀请到非盈利的熊猫基地的后台去。故用动词不定式的被动式。]2.permitted[因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。]3.tocool[考查非谓语动词。enoughtodosth表示“足以做某事”。]4.built[考查过去分词作定语。builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest是过去分词短语作定语修饰Theadobedwellings。build和被修饰词之间是被动关系，且此动作已发生，所以用过去分词。]5.living[住在上海和香港的人们。由于people和动词live是主谓结构，故应该使用living作定语修饰名词people，相当于定语从句wholiveinShanghaiandHongKong。]6.using[考查非谓语动词。without是介词，后面接动词－ing形式。]7.tosell[考查非谓语动词。动词不定式在此处表示目的。]8.spent[句意：大部分时间坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time与spend之间构成被动关系，另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。]9.wondering[句意：当店员看到一张充满善意的脸上挂着满怀歉意的微笑时，她呆呆地站在原地，不知该走还是不走。wondering是现在分词作伴随状语，修饰动词stood。]10.totalk[句意：有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象，让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。forsbtodosth是不定式的复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰alisteningear。]Ⅱ.考点集训集训❶单句语法填空1.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal________(create)specialdesigns.2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.3.(2015·浙江卷)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearit________(perform)liveisquiteanother.4.(2015·北京卷)Theparkwasfullofpeople，________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.5.(2015·北京卷)________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.6.(2015·安徽卷)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.7.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedabout________(be)lateforschool.8.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.答案1.tocreate2.using3.beingperformed4.enjoying5.Tocatch6.Ignoring7.being8.tostop集训❷用所给动词的适当形式完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会非谓语动词的用法。BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway__1__(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksand__2__(use)booksthatcansaveyoualotofmoney.What’smore，theyarefarbetter__3__(compare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofe-booksonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof__4__(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders’reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth__5__(buy).Onlinebookstoresoffergreatdiscounts，whichisabigattractionforbooklovers.Forbooklovers，itismostimportant__6__(get)booksintime.Therefore，youneedtofindareliableonlinebookstorethatwillbeabletoprovidefastdeliveries.Herearesometipstousewhen__7__(select)anonlinebookstore.Someonlinebookstoresarepopularforfictionbooks;somearefornon-fictionbooksornovels，etc.__8__(understand)theirspecializationwillhelpyoutogettherightkindsofbooksintime.Checkwhetheryouwillbebuyingthebooksfromathird-partysellerordirectlyfromthewebsites.Never__9__(jump)atstoresthatoffersupercheapprices，asbooks__10__(sell)atsuchlowpricecouldbeinverybadcondition.答案1.tosave2.used3.compared4.shopping5.buying6.toget7.selecting8.Understanding9.jump10.sold■知识胸有成竹一、非谓语动词的3种形式所谓的三种形式是指动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词。它们的具体类型及语态变化如下表：从上表可以看出，非谓语动词具有动词的性质，即有时态与语态的变化，但不作谓语动词。要正确使用非谓语动词，在做题时就要记住两种关系。二、非谓语动词常考的4个句法功能1.非谓语动词作主语(1)能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。(2)动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。it作形式主语代替动名词常出现在Itisnouse/gooddoing...，Itisusefuldoing...，Itisawasteoftimedoing...等句式里。2.非谓语动词作定语表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。3.非谓语动词作状语(1)分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。①现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。现在分词的完成时即havingdone表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。②过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。③某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(感到厌烦)，facedwith(面对)等。Facedwiththedifficultsituation，hetookco