动名词

Grammar动名词由“动词+-ing”构成，是动词的一种非谓语的形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。它在句中起名词的作用．可单独或引起短语用作主语、表语、宾语．有时还可以用来做定语或构成合成名词．（一）动名词的定义（二）动名词的句法作用1)作主语：Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.也可以在下面结构中作主语：Itisnousewaitinghere!Let’swalkhome.Itisnogoodcheatingintheexam.2)作表语：Herfull-timejobisteaching.动名词表示抽象的一般行为.不定式充当表语的时候,表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletterstotheirdestinations.MyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.有时两者没有意义上的差别Seeingisbelieving!=Toseeistobelieve!眼见为实．Mywishistobeadoctor.Whatshewantstodois(to)tellyouasecret.Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinuehisstudies.3)作宾语：Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.Isuggestedaskinghisteacherforsomeadvice.只能够跟动名词不跟不定式作宾语的动词有：admit,mind,suggest,delay,enjoy,risk,appreciate,imagine,fancy,practise,finish,dislike,understand,consider,miss,escape,keep,avoid,resist,escape,deny(否认),forbid,ban,prevent,allow,permit,stand(忍受)…动词宾语：注意点1：beusedtodoing习惯于做lookforwardtodoing盼望做devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做spendtime(in)doing花时间做befondofdoing喜爱做begoodatdoing擅长做beproudofdoing为做…而自豪betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦feellikedoing欲想做leadto导致;insiston坚持要做;stickto坚持;objectto反对;succeed/besuccessfulin成功地做了goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做;whataboutdoing做…怎么样;thinkofdoing考虑做;beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣;havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难;bebusy(in)doing忙于做;insteadofdoing做…而不做…Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk_____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostIcan’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine___thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen在下列这些词后既可跟动名词，又可跟不定式，如指特定或具体某次行为，用不定式时更多些，意义无差别。love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,propose…Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind.Iliketoreadthatbooknow.Theypreferwalkingtocycling.Theyprefertostayathometoday.注意点2：Irememberseeinghimsomewhere.Imustremembertotakemynotebookswithme.比较：下列动词后跟不定式或动名词有明显差别：remember,forget,stop,try,regret,meancannothelp,goon注意点3：Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.IregrettosayIhaven’tgivenyouenoughhelp.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway.北京卷Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered__athisparty,butnot______.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleavePleaseremember_______(hand)inyourhomeworktomorrow.Heremembered______(lock)thedoor.Hewasnotworried.Heforgot_____(tell)methenews.SoIdidn’tknow.Heforgot_______(tell)methenews.Hetoldmeagain.tohandlockingtotelltellingWhenhesawme,hestopped_________(say)hellotome.Whenhesawhismother,thebabystopped______(cry).tosaycryingItwasraininghard,buthewenton________(work)inthefields.Hewenton_______(do)anotherexperiment.workingtodoHetried___________(improve)hisappearanceinordertogetapartinthefilm.Hetried_________(eat)lesstoloseweightafterhefailedbyrunningfivekilometersaday.toimproveeatingcan’thelp(to)do…努力做…can’thelpdoingsth…试试做…Shecan’thelp_________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.Ican’thelp______(carry)theboxforyou,asI’mtootired.Ican’thelp_________(cry).tocleancarrycrying在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动词做宾语时，要用动名词；如果有名词或代词做宾语，然后再跟动词做宾语补足语，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。allow/permit/forbid/advisedoingallow/permit/forbid/advisesb.todosth.注意点4：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere._____________isnotallowedhere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.Students______________________.Smokingarenotallowedtosmoke动词need,want,require作“需要”之意时，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词形式，或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义Mycarneed/wants/requiresrepairing.你需要检查一下。Youneed/want/requireexamining/tobeexamined.注意点5：介宾：Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.IamproudofbeingastudentofTongzhouSeniorHighSchool.4)定语：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing（三）动名词时态和语态类别及物动词不及物动词形式主动被动主动一般式doingbeingdonedoing完成式havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone动名词的一般式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去，现在或将来发生的动作)(a)；或是与位于所表示的动作同时发生(b)．a.Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.b.Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成式：Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakingheradvice.我不记得曾经答应过你这件事．Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.我后悔没有听她的劝告．当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时，这动名词一般用被动形式．Hediditwithoutbeingasked.Hedidnotmindbeingleftathome.把他留在家里他并不介意．人家这样开他的玩笑他受不了。Hecouldnotbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动词的完成被动形式．我不记得谁给我试验这方法的机会．Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式，而用一般被动形式代替，以免句子显得累赘．但要注意，在want,need,require等动词后，尽管表示的是被动的意思，我们却用动名词的主动形式．Mycarneedsrepairing/toberepaired.Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.这问题需要仔细研究．在worth这词后情形也一样．Hermethodisworthtrying.Iamthinkingof______(get)anewdictionary.Heforgot_____________(promise)towriteletterstous.Thehouseshowednosignof_________________(damage).gettinghavingpromisedhavingbeendamagedDon’tbefrightenedbysharksasthereis30timesgreaterchanceof_________(hit)bylightningthanbeingattackedbyashark.beinghit有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。动名词的逻辑主语Shew