29现在分词作状语有几种形式

Theing-formusedasadverbial2现在分词作状语有四种形式1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成．2.完成形式，由having+过去分词．3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词4.完成被动式：由havingbeen＋过去分词构成3-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬．4Relyingonourownefforts,weovercameallthedifficulties.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Don’tjuststandtheredoingnothing.51.现在分词何时用一般形式?⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．Hewasillanddidn’tattendthemeeting.=Beingill,hedidn’tattendthemeeting.6Whenhesawthosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingfthosememorabledaysinthewar.=Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaysinthewar.7⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.8Reachinghome,hebeganwritingamelodyforit.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.Arrivingatthehotel,shefoundthembusylayingtables.92.现在分词何时用完成形式？当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式．Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Aftershefinishedtheclass…10Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.=Ashehadworked…113.现在分词何时用进行被动式？当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．Beingcriticizedbytheemployer,thenewemployeehunghishead.124.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．Havingbeenbeatenbythefarmer,thehorsewentaway.Havingbeenpraisedforhisjob,Tomworkedharder.13Havingbeencutofffromtheirsourceofsupply,theguerrillascampedintheopenandliveonwildplants.14现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等15(1)相当于原因状语从句a.Beingill,shedidn’tgtoschooltoday.=Assheisill,…b.Havingseenthefilm,hedidn’tgotothecinemawiththem.=Becausehehadseenthefilm,…16c.Feelingtired，Iwenttobedearly.=BecauseIfelttired,…d.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.＝Becausewedidn’tknowheraddress,…17Greatlyinterested,Iaskedtohaveatrymyself.Delighted,thegirlsthoughtupmanygoodideas.18a.Walkinginthestreet(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Icaughtsightofatailorshop.b.Turningaround(Whensheturnedaround),shesawanambulancedrivingup.（2）相当于时间状语从句19c.Whenleavingtheairport(Whentheylefttheairport),theywavedagainandagain.D.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim(whileyouaretalkingtohim).20(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等a.Holdingthenoteinhishand,hestoodtheredumbfounded.b.Thestudentswentaway,runningandlaughing.c.Staving,hewanderedabout.21(4)表示结果a.Theoldmandied,leavingnothingbutdebts.b.wehurriedtoschool,findingtherewerenostudentsintheschool.c.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.22(5)表示条件a.Stayinghereforsometime,you’llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.b.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.23注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换．24BeforeIcameintothelab,thestudenthadbeenseated.Comeinto的动作既不是students发出的也不是students承受，所以不能这样说Comingintothelab,thestudentshadbeenseated.25注意2：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受．26Wearesittinghere,makingnotes.make的动作由主语我们发出Beingscoldedbyhismother,theboyhunghishead.Scold的动作由theboy承受27注意3：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．28现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语Timepermitting,I’llcallonyouthisSunday.Therebeingnomoney,hecouldbuynothing.29Heenteringtheoffice,aletterwasfoundontheground.ProfessorZhanghavingfinishedthelecture,hisdriverdrovehimhome.30分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句Judgingfromhisaccent,heseemedtobefromHunanprovince.=Ifwejudge…31Generallyspeaking,everyspyhasacontact.Consideringhisage,hewashelpedbytheyoungfellow.