华兹华斯诗歌中的有机自然观思想

对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文华兹华斯诗歌中的有机自然观思想姓名：赵春梅申请学位级别：硕士专业：英语指导教师：蒋显璟20040401·,·AbstractWilliamWordsworth,themostdistinguishedRomanticpoet,ranksamongthegreatestNaturepoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Heisrenownedforconveyingthelovelinessandwondersofthenaturalworld,thedepthandintensityofhisowninvolvementwithexternalnatureaswellasprobingtherelationshipbetweenmanandthenaturalworld.Nature,arecurringthemeinWordsworth’spoetry,isnowbeingfrequentlydiscussedinrelationtootherextrinsicsystems(politics,feminism,ecology,etc.),andithasbecomequiteacontroversialtopicinthecircleofWordsworthiancriticism.Wordsworth’sreputationasaNaturepoetisthereforenowandthenquestionedandchallenged.Thisthesis,firmlygroundedonaclosereadingofWordsworth’sshortlyricsaswellashismasterpiece—ThePrelude,triestorecuperatethesimpleandoriginalaspectsofWordsworth’spoetry,tointegratetheorganicviewofNaturediscursivelyunderlyinghispoetryintoasystem,andtodefendWordsworth’sstatusasagreatNaturepoet.Inthissense,thoughfollowingatraditionaldirectioninitiatedbyMatthewArnold,thisthesismaybetakenasaboldcounter-readingagainsttheprevailing“counter-intuitive”and“skeptical”readingsofWordsworth’sNaturephilosophy.InlightofthesocialandculturalbackgroundofWordsworth’screation,andinparticular,Wordsworth’slifeexperienceinvolvedinNature’spervasiveandprofoundpower,thisthesisexaminesWordsworth’sorganicviewofNatureindetail,includingitskeyideasandtheattitudethatpreconditionsit.Fromhisuniquedispositionandlifeexperience,Wordsworthfeelsthatwehavetomaintaina“wisepassiveness”inactivelyseekingcommunionwithNature,resistingtheinterferenceofanalyticreason.Onlysuchanopen,appreciativeattitudecanleadustotheapprehensionofthetrueessenceofNature.NatureinWordsworth’sviewisanintegratedlivingorganism,coveringbothhumanworldandnaturalworld,animateandinanimatebeingsalike.WordsworththinksthatallbeingsinNaturearealiveandtheyembodyandmanifestthesamesupremespiritofNature.Therefore,whileexistingasequalandautonomousindividualsinNature,allbeings,inparticular,humanbeingsandthenaturalworldarelinkedtogetherbyanintrinsicaffinity.Beinginterdependent,interactiveandinterpenetrating,theytogethercontributetotherichnessandprofundityofNature.EachbeingderivesitspositionandmeaningfromthereciprocalrelationshipwithotherbeingswithintheorganicwholeofNature.Natureachievesitsutmostperfectionwhenallitselementsexistinaharmoniousunion.InprobingandimpartingtheplainyetsignificanttruthofNaturetohisreader,WordsworthhasbrilliantlyfulfilledhisroleastheprophetofNature.Tohim,weshallpayourhightribute.Keywords:Nature,man,organicAcknowledgementsIntheprocessofwritingthisthesis,Iwasfortunatetoreceivetheassistanceandencouragementfrommanyteachersandfriendswithoutwhichthisthesiswouldnotbepossible.ItisagreatpleasuretoacknowledgemyobligationtoNationalLibraryofChina,PekingUniversityLibrary,andTsinghuaUniversityLibraryforallowingmetolookupmaterials.MygreatestthanksgotoProf.JiangXianjing,mysupervisor.ItishimwholedmeintothefantasticworldofRomanticstudiesandguidedmealongthepathofacademicendeavor.Hehasofferedmecomprehensivesupervisionthroughouttheprocessofcomposingthisthesis:fromtheselectionofthetopic,thecollectionofmaterials,andthecompositionofthethesistotheimprovementofthedraft.Hegenerouslylentmevaluablematerials,patientlyencouragedmetoprobedeeperintotheissueonmyown,andkindlyenlightenedmewithperceptivesuggestions.Iaminspiredmuchbyhiseruditionduringmygraduatestudies.ToProf.WuFen,Ioweaspecialdebtofgratitude.Sheilluminatedthetheoreticalpathtoliteratureformeandprovidedmewithmuch-neededguidanceandencouragementduringthecompositionofthisthesis.Herrespectableself-disciplineinworkandlifebenefitednotonlymyintellectualbutalsopersonalgrowth.IamgratefultoProf.SunJianqiuandProf.JinBingforshowingmetheenchantingcharmofliteratureinavividandpassionateway.IamalsoindebtedtoDr.HuangHaoforthecultivationofstrictresearchingandwritinghabitsfromtheverystartofmygraduatestudies.Finally,Iwishtoshowmydeepestgratitudetomyparentsfortheirconsistentloveandsupportoveralltheseyears.Tothosefriendswhohavehelpedmefindmaterialsandencouragedmeinthepursuitofthistask,Iwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethanks.1I.IntroductionForcenturies,WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)hasbeenaprominentandcontroversialfigureintheliterarycircle.Havingbeencelebratedanddespised,canonizedandquestioned,heremainsthemostdistinguishedRomanticpoet,andalsooneoftheclassicwritersinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.Hisworks,withstandingtheshiftingtidesoftaste,fashionandtheory,provetobeofeverlastingcharm,vitalityandpertinence.Whileevokingnumerouslydiverseinterpretationsandcommentsfromscholarsandcritics,theyintriguesympathiesandinspirationsamonggenerationsofcommonwriters.M.H.Abrams,themostdistinguishedcriticofRomanticism,remarks:“hehasalterednotonlyourpoetry,butoursensibilityandourculture”(“TwoRoads”91).1.1SurveyofWordsworthianCriticismWordsworth’sliteraryworks,sincetheirfirstpublication,haveoccasionedawealthofcriticalresponses.Thesubjectmatter,thepoeticdiction,thecentralimages,the“obscure”meaning,aswellastheovertself-consciousnessofhispoetrycont