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根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。一、定语从句关系词的基本用法(见下表)关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中所作的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物或事主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语as人、物或事主语、宾语whose人或物定语关系副词when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语IntheEnglishcorner,Imeetmanyfriends,whosharethesameinterestwithme.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在英语角，我遇到很多朋友，他们和我有共同的兴趣。Heisaprofessor,whichIhavebeenlookingforwardtobecoming.他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职位。二、运用定语从句的注意事项运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.Hevisitedourclassyesterday.→Theforeignerwho主语visited谓语ourclass宾语yesterday状语isfromCanada.②Mrs.Wangistheteacher.HersonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.→MissWangistheteacherwhose定语son主语wasadmitted谓语to__Beijing_University.状语③Ourteachertoldussuchastory.Itmovedusalltotears.→Ourteachertoldussuchastoryas主语moved谓语usall宾语totears状语.④Iwillneverforgetthedays.Weworkedinthatsmalltowninthosedays.→Iwillneverforgetthedayswhen状语we主语worked谓语inthatsmalltown状语.三、as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下：(1)关系代词as用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as...as(和一样大/高/深……),thesame...as(和……一样/同类),such...as(诸如……)中。①Suchbooksas主语have谓语badeffect宾语onchildren状语shouldnotbepublished.②Iboughtthesamedressas宾语you主语did谓语lastweek状语.(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语、宾语等，as引导的从句可在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。虽然which也有此用法，但它引导的定语从句位于主句后。①As宾语you主语cansee谓语，heisverysuccessfulasawriter.②Wecollectedmoneyforthesepoorchildren,as主语hadbeendecided谓语atthemeeting状语.③ShealwayscriticizedTom,which主语made谓语him宾语veryunhappy宾语补足语.(3)as常用于以下固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事);asweexpected(不出所料);asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样);asisknowntoall(众所周知);ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述);asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)。LiMingislate,asisoftenthecase.李明迟到了，这是常有的事。Asisknowntoall,DiaoyuIslandsbelongtoChina.众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。Ⅰ.把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句1．I'vealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen._________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer._________________________________________________3．Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn'tneedmuchwater._________________________________________________________________________________________________4．TheywillflytoBeijing.TheyplantostayinBeijingfortwoorthreedays.__________________________________________________________________________________________________5．Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.I'vealwayslongedforthedayswhenIwillbeabletobeindependent.2．Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisanengineer.3．Theyplantedthetreesthat/whichdidn'tneedmuchwater.4．TheywillflytoBeijing,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.5．Theysenttheelderlywhoalwaysfeellonelysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Ⅱ.高考作文单句翻译(用定语从句)1．(2012·江苏书面表达)为了避免这样的冲突，我们应该彼此友好，这对享受和谐生活是极其重要的。(which)________________________________________________________________________________________________Toavoidsuchconflicts,weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyaharmoniouslife.2．(2012·湖北短文写作)正如我们所知，书籍是知识的源泉。(as)_____________________________________________3．(2012·辽宁书面表达)甚至过去不喜欢英语的学生，结果他们也对英语感兴趣了。(who)______________________________________________________________________________________________Asweknow,booksarethesourceofknowledge.EventhestudentswhousedtodislikeEnglishhaveturnedouttobeinterestedinthesubject.4．(2012·新课标全国卷书面表达)我看到过你在网上张贴的夏令营通知，我对此很感兴趣。(that)________________________________________________________________________________________________5．她在北大上的大学，然后又出国深造。(介词＋关系代词)________________________________________________________________________________________________IreadtheannouncementofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIaminterestedinit.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,afterwhichshewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成短文请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语短文，尽可能多地使用定语从句。1．我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师；2．Kate是一个容易相处的人，我们都喜欢她；3．Kate在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名，这使得她妈妈很高兴；4．新年就要到了，到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港；5．众所周知，香港是一个购物天堂，Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文：IhaveaclassmatecalledKate,whosemotherismyformerEnglishteacher.Kateisagirlwhoiseasytogetalongwithandwealllikeher.KatetookthefirstplaceintheSpeechContest,whichmakeshermotherhappy.TheNewYeariscoming,whenKatewillgotoHongKongtogetherwithhermother.Asweallknow,HongKongisashoppingparadise,whereKateintendstobuywhatsheneeds.