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·225VRP710061U492.22A10064117200707022501VehicleRoutingProblemVRP1959DantzigRamserVRPNPVRP1949Dantzig1958GomoryLandDoing19601960Balas0-11988FisherK-1991M.Padberg1995ChristofidesVRP2000Fumero2004LorenaLuizVRPVRPNP(HeuristicAlgorithms)-ClarkeWright19641965LinKemighanChristofidesGilbertLaporte1971WrenComputersinTransportPlanningandOperationGillettMiller(1974)1981FisherJaikumarFisher-JaikumarBramelSimchi-Levi1995VRP2080SimulatedAnnealingSATabuSearchTSGeneticAlgorithmGA1975J.H.HollandAdaptationinNaturalandArtificialSystemsGAD.GoldbergGeneticAlgorithminSearchOptimizationandMachineLearningGAGAGAVRP1983KirkpatrickSABoltzmann1986F.GloveTSP.HansenTSTSTSTS