Unit1英译汉Googlehasspentyearsanalyzingwhosucceedsatthecompany.TheyhavemovedawayfromafocusonGPAs,brand-nameschools,andinterviewbrainteasers(智力测验题).Google'sSeniorVicePresidentofPeopleOperations,LaszloBock,suggeststhatcredentialsarenolongersufficientforsuccess.Bockpointsoutthatgraduatesoftopschoolscanlackintellectualhumilityandthatsucceedinginacademiaisn'talwaysasignofbeingabletodoajob.Successfulbrightyounggraduatesrarelyexperiencefailure,andtheyfindthattheiracademiccareershavenotpreparedthemtofailgracefullyintherealworld.Googlerecognizestheimportanceofintellectualhumilityinitsapplicants.Thecompanylooksfortheabilitytostepbackandembraceotherpeople'sideaswhenthoseideasarebetter.BocksaystheNo.1thingheislookingforisgeneralcognitiveability.Itislearningability.Itistheabilitytoprocessinformationonthefly.谷歌公司就什么人能在该公司取得成功这个问题做了多年的研究,研究关注的焦点不再是绩点、名牌大学、面试智力测验题。谷歌人力运营部高级副总裁拉斯洛•博克认为,想取得成功,只拥有学历证书是不够的。博克指出,顶尖高校的毕业生可能缺少智力上的谦逊,并且学业上的成功并不意味着工作能力强。聪明的年轻学霸毕业生很少经历失败,他们会发现,在现实生活中,学业生涯并没有使自己做好大方接受失败的准备。谷歌认识到应聘者具有智力上的谦逊是十分重要的,他们所寻找的是一种能退一步思考、接受别人更好想法的能力。博克说他想寻找的首要素质就是常规的认知能力。那是一种学习的能力,是在繁忙的工作中处理信息的能力。汉译英“创客”指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)微观装配实验室(fabricationlaboratory)的课题。该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即“创客”。在中国,“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。Chuangkeisatermthatreferstoinnovativepeoplewhomakeanefforttoturntheircuttingedgeideasintoreality.ThetermistranslatedfromtheEnglishwordmaker,whichisderivedfromthefabricationlaboratoryprojectoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUS.Itisaconsumer-centredproject,emphasizinginnovationanddesignedtoempowerindividualstodevelopandproducesmartdevicestosuitpersonalneeds.Thestudentsparticipatingintheprojectarecalledmakers.InChina,Chuangkereferstothosewhostarttheirownbusinesseswithinnovativeideas.Chinesemakersincludetech-savvypeoplewhodedicatethemselvestocreatingnewdevicesanddistinguishedinnovatorsinvariousfields,suchassoftwaredevelopers,artistsanddesigners.Unit2英译汉E-bookshavechangedthewayweread,inwaysbothgoodandbad.Ontheplusside,peoplearereadingmorebooks.Amazon'sKindlee-readerandtheGoogleBookSearchservicehavenowmadeahugenumberofbooksavailable.AccordingtodatafromAmazon,theconvenienceofaccessofferedbytheKindlehasresultedinusersbuyingsignificantlymorebooksthantheydidbeforeowningthedevice.However,althoughpeoplearereadingmore,theymaybedoingsowithlessfocus.AmazonhasreleasedaversionoftheKindleappforreadingitse-booksonaniPhone,whichmeansitwillbemucheasierforreaderstobedistractedfromtheire-booksastheyswitchtosurfingtheInternetandcheckingemailandsocialmediaupdates.Aspeoplereadwithlessattention,theywillnolongerfindthemselvesimmersedintheirbooks—oneofthegreatjoysofreading.电子书改变了我们的阅读方式,这种改变既有好的一面也有坏的一面。从好的方面说,人们现在读书的量在增多。随着亚马逊Kindle电子阅读器和谷歌图书搜索服务的出现,人们现在可以读到海量的图书。亚马逊的数据表明,Kindle用户在拥有Kindle电子阅读器之后购书量显著上升,因为用Kindle购书更加便捷了。虽然人们的读书量在增多,但读书专注度却在下降。亚马逊发布了一款Kindle应用程序供人们在苹果手机上阅读Kindle电子书,这意味着读者看电子书时更容易分心了,因为他们会时不时地刷一下网页、查看一下邮件或社交平台的最新动态。随着人们读书注意力的下降,他们很难再体会到读书的一个最大的乐趣——完全沉浸在书籍的海洋中。汉译英每年在“世界读书日”这一天(4月23日),中国各地都会举办“全民阅读,书香中国”的活动,旨在培养全民阅读的风气(ethos),让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课,而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的,一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。从2014年开始,“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告,因为读书不仅会增强创新力量,而且会增强社会的道德力量EveryyearonWorldBookDay(April23),activitiesonNationwideReading,IntellectualChinaareorganizedalloverChina,tocultivatetheethosofreadinginthecountryandspreadtheawarenessthatreadingshouldnotonlybeforstudentsandintellectuals,butbepartofeveryone'swayoflife.Readinghasmuchtodowithpersonalgrowth,andthespirituallevelofanationlargelydependsonthereadingperformanceofitspeople.Startingfrom2014,forthreeconsecutiveyearsnation-widereadinghasbeenincludedintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentinChina,forreadingisconducivenotonlytoinnovationbutalsotothemoralsenseofsociety.Unit3英译汉Nohistoryoffashionintheyears1960to2010canoverlookorunderestimatetwoconstantfactors:theubiquitousjeansandtheriseandfallofhemlinesforwomen'sskirtsanddresses.Denim,thematerialwhichjeansaremadeof,wasknowninFranceinthelate16thcentury.Inthelate1950s,jeanswereboughtandwornwithhugeenthusiasmbyyoungAmericanpeopleandrecognizedasasymbolofayouthful,informalwayoflife.Throughthebaptismofthehippiemovementandthepunkperiod,andthrougharisingandfallingeconomy,differentstyles,coloursandfabricshavebeencombinedintotheenduringjeans,anever-presentpartoffashionculture.Astothesecondconstantfactor,ithasoftenbeennotedthatthereisalsoaprecisecorrelation,withonlyafewexceptions,betweenthelengthofwomen'sskirtsandtheeconomy.Asthestockmarketrises,sodohemlines,andwhenitfalls,sodothey.Exactlywhywomenshouldwanttoexposemoreorlessoftheirlegsduringperiodsofeconomicboomandbustremainsamystery.1960至2010年间的时装史存在两个不可忽略或不可低估的不变因素:一是无处不在的牛仔裤,二是女装裙摆长度的变化。牛仔裤是用粗斜纹布做的,早在16世纪末法国就有了这种布料。从20世纪50年代后期开始,美国年轻人对牛仔裤趋之若鹜,视其为年轻随意的生活方式的象征。经过嬉皮士时代、朋克时代的洗礼以及经济起伏波荡的影响,牛仔裤经久不衰,不仅被融入了不同的款式、颜色与面料,而且一直被视为是时尚文化一部分。至于第二个不变因素,人们时常会注意到,女人的裙摆和经济之间也存在一种颇为精确的关联性,且鲜有例外。股市升时裙摆也跟着提高;股市跌时裙摆就跟着降低。在经济繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少暴露双腿至今仍然是个谜。汉译英中国的服装产业需要规范化,中国的服装设计需要创新,中国的元素需要品牌化。我