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1001:111,1881547,20190177,1/325,660,,112,,,,,,,,,113EbenezerHoward()1902,AlbertShaw,:,,,,,:,2211,EbenezerHoward,1850,,,,,21,4,,,18761890,,,,(RobertOwin)(HerryGeorge)(Singletax)1888(EdwardBellamy)LookingBackward(),,2121989Tomorrow-APeacefulWaytoRealReform(),,,,,1899TownandCountryPlanningAssociation(),GardenCityAssocia2tion(),1902,,GardenCitiesofTomor2row(),,213(Town)(Land)(Town-Land),,,,214:(1),;(2),;1999231CITYPLANNINGREVIEWVol123No11Jan1199927(3),;(4);(5)2151850,GardenCity(),Gardencity(),,,,GardenCity()GardenCity()GardenCitiesofTomorrow(),216,,,()(),,,,,,,LetchworthWelwyn,,,,2171919(GardenCityandTownPlanningAssociation):;;,lu218,:,,,,,,,,,,,lv3311,,,,lw,,,lx312:(1),;(2);(3);(4),,;(5)();(6)313:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5),314:(1);(2);(3);(4)3%-4%;(5)()()315100,,,:(1):?:????(2):?:??????316,,,,THEFOCUSREPORT28,4:411,,(1):20,,,(2):,,,:,,(3):,,,Net2Community()VirtualCity();,,GIS,,,,,(4):,21,21,,,412,,,,,413,,,,5:511,,,,(Sarrinen);70lylz,lz,,l|,:,,,,,,,,,512,,,,,,70,,,,,,,,,,,21513,,(),,,,,,,,l};()(JaneJacobs)l~(DavidHarvey)1999231CITYPLANNINGREVIEWVol123No11Jan1199929mu;,,,,,,,,,,,216:611,,,,,,,,612,,,,,,mv,(,Ethics,),,,,,?,,,,mx189821910:GardenCities()21889SITTEmy21890STUEBBENmz21906(GrundsatzedesStadtebaus)m{21898/1902HOWARDm|189021903Letchworth21908Hampstead21919Welwyn188921909:2DahlhauserHeide,2EmscherLippe2Gmindersdorf19022(Zonenplan)2KorridorstrasseStaffelbauordnung21904191021925:21911UNWINm}21911O1WAGNERm~nunv21919(Bauhaus)228,2Freihof2Laim,AlteHeide2,2(GeneralregulierungWien)192621934:2MAYWAGNERnw(1933ChartavonAthen)21925LeCORBUSIER()(Zentrale2Orte2Theorie)21933CHRISTALLERnx21934ElielSarrinen()22Weiemhofsiedlung19272Sandleitenhof,Rabenhof,Karl2Seitz2HofGeorgeWashington2Hof,EngelshofKarl2Marx2Hof,2Borstei19242302Jerrestadt19262282Sud1930193521945:(Volkshaus),21939FEDER2,2,194621960:194821959REICHOW(Raumstadt)1949SCHWAGENSCHEIDTny1957GOEDERITZ/RAINERnz22196021980:1961JACOBS1960SALINn{/1963BUCHANANn|2Harlow2Stevenage2Vallinby2Milton2Keynes2,2,2,198021998::1985HARVEYn}1990SENNETTn~1994ou199821ov(Suburbanization)(GlobalCities)2,,,613,:,,,,,mwCullingworth,J1BarryNadin,Vincent,1997:Town&CountryPlanningintheUK(),12,Routeldge,,14,THEFOCUSREPORT30IndustrialVillage(),:RobertOwen(),CharlesFourier()EtienneCabet(),Cherry,Gordon:DieStadtpla2nungsbewegungunddiespaetviktorischeStadt()FEHLRodriguez2Lores1939:DieneueStadt:VersuchderBegruendungeinerneuenStadtpla2nungskunstausdersozialenStrukturderBevoelkerung(:)Springer,,852105,Platon()ThomasMore(1)DeoptimoRepublicaestatuNovaInsulaUtopia(),,),,,F1Engels(),1845:TheConditionoftheWoprkingClassinEngland()Howard(),Ebernezer1902:GardenCitiesofTomorrow(),,54LeGates,RichardT1Stout,F1,1996:TheCityReader(),Routledge,,345,:aquiet,modest,evenself2effacingman,Howard():;:;:2;:2;:2;:2;:;:;:(Promunizipal);:;::;:;:;:;Howard(),Ebernezer1902:GardenCitiesofTomorrow(),,55256luOsborn,FridericJ1,1946:Vor2wortzurenglishenNeuausgabe1946vonE1Howard:Gardencitiesoftomorrow(1946),Posener,J1968EbenezerHoward:GartenstaedtevonMorgen(),1632182lvHoward(),Ebernezer1968:SesemundLilien(),Posener,JuliusUllsteinBauweltFundamente(),59lw8lxOsbern,FredericJ1:Howard,Ebenezer,Handwoerdbuch1220-1224lyMeadows,D1L1,1972,TheLimitstoGrowth()(ReportoftheClubofRomeontheStateofHumanBe2ings),UniverseBooks,lzUnitedNations,1972,DeclarationoftheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHu2manEnvironment()adoptedatStockholmon16June1972l{Brown,L1,1991,SavingthePlanet:HowtoShapeanEnvironmentallySustainableGlobalEconomy(:),,1992,StateoftheWorld1992:AWorldWatchInsti2tuteReportonProgressTowardasustain2ableSociety(1992:),:UnitedNations,1992,RioDeclarationonEn2vironmentandDevelopment():UnitedNa2tions,DivisionforSustainableDevelop2ment,1998,NewGuidelinesfortheGlobalConsumer,/DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,1998,ReportsandotherDocumentsfortheSixthSessionoftheCommissiononSus2tainableDevelopment,l|:UnitedNationsCenterforHumanSettlements(Habitat)(),1986,GlobalReportonHumanSettlements():Npdow,Wally,1996,Habitatll(),UNO2Konferenz:DerStadtegipfelGeneralsekretar1()WallyNpdow),:HerbertGirardet,1996,DieZeitalterderStadte:neueWegefureinenachtaltigeStadtentwicklung(:),DeukalionVerlag(Deukalion):Payne,G1,1989,Infor2malHousingandLandSubdivisionsinThirdWorldCities:AReviewoftheLit2erature,OxfordHerbertGirardet,1996,DieZeitalterderStadte:neueWegefureinenachtaltigeStadtentwick2lung(:),DasoffiielleUNO2BuchzurHabitatll(),DeukalionVerlag(Deukalion)l}(ChartavonAthen),:1)(CIAM33)(71)2)(72)3)(73)4)(75)5)(7677)6)(797)(8081)8)(9394)9)1999231CITYPLANNINGREVIEWVol123No11Jan1199931(95)l~JACOBS,Jane,1961:TheDeathandLifeGreatAmericanCities(),mu1DavidHarvey,19981mvLucy,WilliamH11988:APApsEthicalPrincipleIncludeSimplisticPlanningThe2ories(),JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssosiation(),54,2mwHoward(),Ebernezer1968:GartenstaedtevonMorgen(),Posener,JuliusUllsteinBauweltFundamente()mxPeterHall()19891990JAPA(JournaloftheAmericanPlanningAssoci2ation)TheTurbulentEighthDecade:ChallengestoAmericanPlanning(80),,:189021901:;190121915:;191621939:;192321936::193721964:;197521989:;198021989:;198021989:;