短文填空——复习策略..仁义镇初级中学刘红卫分析重庆近8年中考真题可知,短文填空的命题特点如下:1.形式:每年1篇,每篇设8个空,为盲填形式;2.文章特点:词数210-290个,生词量0-5个,段落3-7段;考情概览3.文体:主要考查说明文(8考)和记叙文(4考),考查过1次议论文(2015B);4.话题:包括咨询建议(8年4考)、教育引导(8年3考)、发表观点(2015B,2010)、学校生活(2014A)、事物介绍(2014B)、情感故事(2013B)、乐学善学(2011);读:三读读懂短文文体、明白短文的主要内容和要旨;读懂句子结构;读懂考查目的和意图。一读:快速浏览短文(Skimming)通过快速阅读,了解文体及短文的大意。重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文时态、主题。如(2017年A)Whenyoutalkwithsomeone,you’llneedtoendyourconversationatsomepoint.Andtherearemanyreasonswhyyouneedtodothat.Eitheryouortheotherpersonmayneedtocontinueanactivitysuch78workingorshopping.Oryoumayhaverunoutofthingstosay.Youjustwanttokeeptheconversationshort.But79doyouendaconversationinapoliteway?Itmaydependonwhereandhowtheconversationstarted.Itmayalsodependonyourrelationshipwiththe80person.Ifyoualreadyknowthatperson,youcanjustsay,“Ineedtorunnow.”Oryoucansay,“I’llcatchyoulater.”Youmayalsogiveareasonforendingtheconversation.“Ireallyneedtogo---mypianoclassstartsinten81.”Perhapsyoujustmeetsomeoneinasocialsituation,andyouhaveanicetalk.Butthenyouhavetogo.Youcansay,“Itwasnicemeetingyou.Maybewecantalkhappily82sometimeinthefuture.”Anotherwaytoendaconversationistomakeiteasyfortheotherpersonto83.Ifyouseetheotherpersonisalreadynotpatient,youcansay,“Well,I’msureyouhavealottodotoday.”Youcouldusethese84toendaconversation,andyoushouldnoticethatothersmayalsousethem.85theydoso,youshouldknowthatit’stimeforyoutostopandgetonwithyourday.通过快速阅读,知道这是一篇说明文,内容介绍了与人交谈时,如何结束谈话的几种情况、方式或技巧。二读:精读全文(Detailed-reading)以意群为单位精读,考查学生联想、分析、逻辑推理、阅读能力和语言的综合运用能力。此环节,要求学生在读和理解的同时,迅速调动大脑中存储的信息,综合运用所学知识,试填词汇。主要从以下几方面着手1.根据上下文语境;2.短语搭配;3.根据句法结构填词,从词性方面考虑:(1)填动词①若句中缺少谓语,需填动词。②情态动词could,haveto,can,may,should,must,would等后需填动词。③在一些动词不定式结构中,文中给出to时,空格处需填动词原形。④在一些动词短语或动词加介词和动词加副词的固定搭配中,需填动词。(2)填名词①位于句首,在句中作主语;②位于动词或介词后作宾语;③位于形容词后;④位于限定词this,these,those,many,some,any,alotof等后;⑤位于数词后;⑥其他:位于系动词后作表语;形容词性物主代词;名词所有格及一些固定搭配中。(3)填连词若空格前后或空格后是两个完整的句子,则需要考虑使用连词,若前后两句表示条件关系,用if,unless;表示转折关系,用but;表示选择关系用or;表示因果关系,用because,so等;表示让步关系,用though,although;表示时间关系,用when,while,until等。(4)填形容词①位于系动词后作表语;②位于名词前作定语;③位于复合不定代词之后;④位于宾语之后作宾补。(5)填副词①修饰动词、形容词或其他副词;②位于句首作状语,修饰整个句子;③实义动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后常用频度副词;④在问句中且设空处位于句首,可考虑使用疑问副词。(2017年A)Whenyoutalkwithsomeone,you’llneedtoendyourconversationatsomepoint.Andtherearemanyreasonswhyyouneedtodothat.Eitheryouortheotherpersonmayneedtocontinueanactivitysuch78workingorshopping.Oryoumayhaverunoutofthingstosay.Youjustwanttokeeptheconversationshort.But79doyouendaconversationinapoliteway?Itmaydependonwhereandhowtheconversationstarted.Itmayalsodependonyourrelationshipwiththe80person.Ifyoualreadyknowthatperson,youcanjustsay,“Ineedtorunnow.”Oryoucansay,“I’llcatchyoulater.”Youmayalsogiveareasonforendingtheconversation.“Ireallyneedtogo---mypianoclassstartsinten81.”ashowotherminutes考查短语搭配考查疑问词考查形容词及句型搭配考查名词Perhapsyoujustmeetsomeoneinasocialsituation,andyouhaveanicetalk.Butthenyouhavetogo.Youcansay,“Itwasnicemeetingyou.Maybewecantalkhappily82sometimeinthefuture.”Anotherwaytoendaconversationistomakeiteasyfortheotherpersonto83.Ifyouseetheotherpersonisalreadynotpatient,youcansay,“Well,I’msureyouhavealottodotoday.”Youcouldusethese84toendaconversation,andyoushouldnoticethatothersmayalsousethem.85theydoso,youshouldknowthatit’stimeforyoutostopandgetonwithyourday.againleaveideasIf考查副词考查动词考查名词考查连词三读:(Scanning&Checking)核实答案,确保无误再次浏览全文,结合语境及所填词汇进行复查。注意检查句子是否符合语法规范,单词拼写、时态及大小写是否正确。同时,也应注意答案和题号一一对应。瞻前顾后左顾右盼上下求索Thanksforlistening