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**现在完成时**现在完成时是由助动词have（has）+过去分词构成其否定句在have/has后加not.一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前.动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）不规则变化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gonegrow-grew-grownhide-hid-hiddenknow-knew-knownlie-lay-lainride-rode-riddenring-rang-rungshow-showed-shownsee-saw-seensing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spokentake-took-takencome-came-comerun-ran–runbecome-became-become1表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果--wouldyoulikesomebread?--No,thanks.Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)常用副词just（刚刚）,already,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还),never,ever①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.2。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和for（一段时间）,since（时间点）引导的时间状语连用.以及sofar,inthelasttenyears,bynow,thesedays,等连用。Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.Hehasworkedheresince1989.Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelast10years.注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等牢记:when不与现在完成时连用。PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.A:火车已经开走了.B:什么时候开走的?A:半个小时之前开走的.2.A:你看过这部电影吗?B:看过.A:什么时候看的.B:上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave？A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:Haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/go—be(in)leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havedie—bedeadgettoknow—knowbegin—beongoout—beoffgoout—beoffarrive–behere/theremarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)begintowork/study/live–work/study/leavefallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheParty—beintheParty/beamemberof√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入团两年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.这个人已经去世好几年了。1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.()ABCABCBkeptBbeenon3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.hadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendead1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。1.MyparentstheGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.2.youevertotheHappyvalley?•HowlongPetertheWestHillfarm?•Mysistertheshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.•SheShanghai.Sheisn’there.•SheShanghaifortwoyearshasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasbeeninhasgonetohasbeenin注意点四:since的用法1since+具体的过去时间since2008sincelastSunday+…agosincetwoyearsago+句子(过去时)2Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.--Willyougoshoppingwithmenow?--Sorry,Ican’t.I_____myshirts.AwashBhavewashedCwashedDamwashingHowlonghaveyou______themagazine?Aboutaweek.AfoundBborrowedCreceivedDhad____you_____thefilmHarryPotter5?Notyet.IwillseeitthisSunday.ADid,seeBAre,seeingCHave,seenDDo,seeHowisAnn?I____herforalongtime.Adon’tseeBwon’tseeCdidn’tseeDhaven’tseenHasn’tBettycomeyet?No,andI____forherfornearly2hours.AwaitBwaitedChavewaitedDhadwaitedIsMrBakerathome?Sorry,heisn’tin.He____Dalianforvacation.AhasgoneBwentCisgoingDgoesMrZhangisateacherofrichexperience.He___Englishfor20years.AhastaughtBwillteachCteachesDtaught--Howmanytimeshaveyou____toXi’an?--Threetimes.AbeenBwentCgoneDgoIwon’tforgetmyteacherbecauseshe____sokindtomesinceIcametothisschool.AhasbeenBwillbeCwasDis--IwillreturnthebooktoMary,butIcan’tfindheranywhere.--she____theteacher’soffice.Youcanfindherthere.AhasleftBwasawayfromChasgonetoDhasbeentoYouhave____mydictionaryfortwoweeks.Sorry,Iwillgiveitbacktoyourightnow.AlentBborrowedCkept--___you___outtheproblem,Sam?--Notyet,butIamgoingto.ADid,workBAre,workingCHave,workedDWill,work--WhatareyougoingtodothisSaturday?--I___yet.Ahaven’decidedBwon’tdecideCamnotdecidedDdidn’tdecideHowlong___thefilm___whenyougotthere?AhasbegunBhadbegunChasbeenonDhadbeenonMrGreen___Beijingsincethreeyearsago.AhascometoBwenttoChadlivedinDhasbeeninHe_____ourschoolfortwoweeks.AleftBhasleftChasbeenawayfrom--Myfather____Shanghaiwithmygrandparents.--Really?____willtheycomeback?Ahasbeento