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宁夏大学新华学院本科毕业设计（2015届）题目基于ZigBee的温湿度传感器设计系别信息与计算机科学系专业电气工程及其自动化年级2011级学生学号12011247112学生姓名刘培新指导教师刘大铭2015年4月23日宁夏大学新华学院本科学位论文I摘要无线传感器网络（WirelessSensorNetwork，WSN）是由大量无处不在的，具有通信与计算能力的微小传感器节点密集布设在无人值守的监控区域而构成的能够根据环境自主完成指定任务的“智能”自治测控网络系统。大量传感器节点通过相互之间的分工协作，可实时感知、监测和采集分布区域内的监测对象或周围环境的信息。无线传感器网络有着与传统网络明显不同的技术要求，前者以数据为中心，后者以传输数据为目的。随着传感器网络技术的逐步发展，它的应用也越来越广泛,无线传感器网络也被要求有更小功耗，更低成本，以及更方便使用的性能，在这种情况下，ZigBee技术应运而生。ZigBee技术是一种短距离无线双向通信技术，该技术拥有协议简单、功耗低、组网能力强、网络容量大、时延短、安全、可靠及成本低等优点，具有路径选择、自动连结网络及自我恢复等功能。预计将在消费类电子设备、家庭智能化、工控、医用设备控制、农业自动化等领域获得广泛应用。本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的基础知识和研究现状；然后深入分析了ZigBee协议，给出了各层的功能；之后，设计了ZigBee节点模块和温湿度传感模块，并在此硬件基础上设计了具有基本功能的ZigBee协议栈，同时提出了一种基于ZigBee的组网算法，通过扫描信道、建立网络和建立节点间的关联三个步骤构建了一个简单的网络层，实现了无线传感器组网功能；在此基础上本文设计一个小型的温度湿度监控网络系统；最后，对论文进行总结，提出今后的研究工作方向。关键字：ZigBee；温湿度传感器；无线通信；无线温湿度传感器系统宁夏大学新华学院本科学位论文IIAbstractWirelesssensornetworks(WirelessSensorNetwork,WSN)iscomposedofalargenumberofubiquitous，tinysensornodeshavetheabilitytocommunicatewiththeintensivecomputinglaidinthemonitoredareaunattendedconstitutedabletocompletetheassignedtasksindependentlyaccordingtotheenvironmentsmartautonomyandcontrolnetworksystem.Alargenumberofsensornodesthroughthedivisionoflaborbetweenthem,real-timesensing,monitoringandgatheringinformationonthedistributionareaoftheobjectorthesurroundingenvironment.Wirelesssensornetworksandtraditionalnetworkshavedistincttechnicalrequirements,theformerdata-centric,thelatterforthepurposeoftransferringdata.Withthegradualdevelopmentofsensornetworktechnology,itsapplicationsareincreasinglywidespread,wirelesssensornetworksarealsorequiredtohaveasmallerpowerconsumption,cost,andperformanceismoreconvenienttouse,inthiscase,ZigBeetechnologytobeshippedborn.ZigBeetechnologyisashort-rangewirelesstwo-waycommunicationtechnologythathastheprotocolissimple,lowpowerconsumption,strongnetworkingcapabilities,networkcapacity,timeisshort,safe,reliableandlowcost,withapathselection,automaticlinknetworksandself-recoverycapabilities.Itisexpectedtobewidelyusedinconsumerelectronicdevices,intelligenthome,industrial,medicalequipmentcontrol,automation,andotherfieldsofagriculture.Thispaperintroducesthebasicknowledgeandresearchofwirelesssensornetworks;andin-depthanalysisoftheZigBeeprotocol,giventhefunctionofeachlayer;thendesignedZigBeenodemoduletemperatureandhumiditysensormodule,andisdesignedonthebasisofthishardwaretheZigBeeprotocolstackhasthebasicfunctions,whilenetworkingalgorithmisproposedbasedonZigBee,byscanningchannel,networkingandtheestablishmentofthreestepsassociatednodestobuildasimplenetworklayer,toachieveawirelesssensornetworkfunction;onthisbasis,wedesignasmalltemperatureandhumiditymonitoringnetworksystem;Finally,thepapersummarizestheproposedfutureresearchdirections.Keywords:ZigBee;WirelessTemperatureAndHumiditySeneorSystem;WirelessCommunica--tion宁夏大学新华学院本科学位论文III目录第1章绪论..............................................................................................11.1引言................................................................................................11.2无线传感器网络的研究现状..................................................................21.2.1国外现状..................................................................................21.2.2国内现状..................................................................................21.3无线传感器网络的特点........................................................................21.4研究内容..........................................................................................41.5论文结构..........................................................................................51.6本章小结..........................................................................................5第2章ZigBee协议标准介绍.....................................................................62.1ZigBee技术概述.................................................................................62.1.1ZigBee主要特性........................................................................62.1.2ZigBee网络拓扑结构..................................................................62.1.3ZigBee网络工作模式..................................................................72.2ZigBee协议架构.................................................................................82.2.1物理层（PHY）..........................................................................92.2.2媒体访问控制层（MAC）.............................................................102.2.3网络层（NWK）.........................................................................122.2.4ZigBee应用层..........................................................................142.3本章小结.........................................................................................15第3章ZigBee温湿度传感器硬件平台的设计...........................................163.1硬件设计.........................................................................................163.1.1CC2530芯片介绍.......................................................................163.1.2射频模块电路...........................................................................193.2主控电路...........................................