初中被动语态的奥秘

初中被动语态的奥秘•中考必考的重点语法de奥秘.主动语态与被动语态：英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.(答案）TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.（答案）2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.（）Cottonisgrownbythefarmerseveryyear.（案）主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)一般现在时被动语态的构成：主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词动词过去分词的构成规则（与动词过去式构成规则一样）：1、一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，lookedplayed2、结尾是e的动词加-d，livedused3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed，plannedtripped4、结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed，study---studied，carry---carried不规则的过去分词要牢记写出下列动词的过去式，过去分词：sing----sang----sungbuild----built----built1、speak（）2、use（）3、make（）4、write（）5、grow()6、plant（）7、produce（）8、ask（）9、plan（）10、send（）11、build（）12、invite（）1、speakspokespoken2、useusedused3、makemademade4、writewrotewritten5、growgrewgrown6、plantplantedplanted7、produceproducedproduced8、askaskedasked9、planplannedplanned10、sendsentsent11、buildbuiltbuilt12、inviteinvitedinvited不规则动词的过去分词要牢记请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词：sing----sang----sungbuild----built----builte.gmanypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.(English….)2、Peopleusewoodformakingtables.（wood….）3、ThemakecomputersintheUSA.（Computers…）4、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.（Rice…）EnglishisspokeninCanada.Woodisusedformakingtables.ComputeraremadeintheUSA.RiceisgrowninSouthChina.1、结构be+过去分词(及物的)2、各种时态的被动结构：一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词TheChinesefood_____tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词e.g1、Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、Itwasusedintheolddays.3、ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1，1949.1、结构be+过去分词一般过去时：was/were+过去分词John___,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.A.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunishedwereplantedThebridgewaswasinvitedplay把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1、Theyplantedthesetreesonweekends.Thesetreesonweekends.2、Theworkersbuiltthebridgein1968builtbytheworkersin1968.3、PeopleinvitedYaoMingtoplaybasketballinTheUSA.YaoMingtobasketballintheUSA.4、IBMproducedthisnewtypeoflaptopcomputer.ThisnewtypeoflaptopcomputerbyIBM.wasproduced一般将来时：主语+will+be+过去分词Thenewschool______whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish1、结构be+being+过去分词现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet.Rooms_______.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted含情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词e.g1、Thisbikecanberepaired.2、Thetreemustbeputstraightinthehole.3、Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeveryday.把下列主动句变被动句：1、Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake2、Wemustrepairthecomputernow.3、Studentsshouldcorrecttheirmistakes.4、Wemustwaterthetreeswell.Thetreesshouldbeplantedaroundthelake.Thecomputermustberepairednow.Theirmistakesshouldbecorrected.Thetreesmustbewateredwell.Sumup（.总结）本节主要复习：1、一般现在时的被动语态2、一般过去时的被动语态3、一般将来时的被动语态4、现在进行时的被动语态5、情态动词的被动语态被动语态的用法：1、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；2、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；3、只需强调动作的承受者时。三、单项选择题：()1.Woolenclothesareused_______keepinguswarm.A.ofB.byC.forD.in()2.Arethesefridgesmade______?A.inChinaB.inChineseC.ofChinaD.fromChinese()3.---Wherearebananas_______?----_____growninSouthChina.A.grow,It'sB.grown,It'sC.grown,They'reD.grew,They're()4.TheLeague_____inMay,1922.A.isfoundedB.wasfoundedC.isbuiltD.wasbuilt()5.Thestrangethingwiththreelegs_____.A.usedtodrinkB.areusedfordrinkingC.isusedfordrinkingD.usedfordrinkingCACBC()6.TVprogrammescan______totheothersideoftheworld.A.sendB.besentC.makeD.bemade()7.Olderpeoplemust_____politely.A.speaktoB.bespokenC.bespokentoD.sayto()8.Themoonalways_____aroundtheearth.A.goesB.travelsC.turnsD.A,BandC.()9.Manypeople_____Englishintheworld.A.speakB.speaksC.spokeD.arespoken.()10.Wemust____ourhomeworkeveryday.A.befinishedB.finishC.arefinishedD.finishedBCDAB四、把下列句子变成被动句：1.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWall2,000yearsago.2.Wemustplantmoretreesnextyearhere.3.Dalianproducesbigships.4.Farmersharvestriceinautumn.5.Weshouldcleanourclassroomeveryday.TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeople2000yearsago.Moretreesmustbeplantedherenextyear.BigshipsareproducedinDalian.Riceisharvestedinautumn.Ourclassroomshouldbecleanedeveryday.Thankyouforyourattention!•Goodbye!