浅谈汽车尾气的污染与防治措施

海南大学本科课程论文（设计）浅谈汽车尾气的污染与防治措施IntroductiontoAutomobileExhaustPollutionandPreventionMeasures学院：专业年级：姓名：学号：指导教师：2016年6月6日I摘要当代社会，车不再高不可攀，它逐渐进入了寻常百姓家。车也不仅仅是一种交通工具，他代表了一种文化、一种生活方式、一种时尚。车轮上的生活是轻快而惬意的，汽车给世界带来了现代物质文明,汽车为人民提供了交通便利，但同时也带来了环境噪声污染等社会问题。也就是在我们享受汽车带来的舒适方便的时候，汽车尾气造成的大气污染、汽车鸣笛造成的噪声污染等影响了人们的生活，人们每天都生活在汽车尾气和汽车噪音中，汽车排放的尾气中含有大量的氮氧化物、碳氢化合物和一氧化碳,对人体危害很大,这些气体排放物不仅气味怪异，而且令人头昏、恶心，影响人的身体健康。可见，汽车尾气已经成为大气污染的首要污染源，控制机动车排放污染已经成为刻不容缓的重要任务。因此，在汽车工业发展和环境保护之间，需要寻找新的平衡。面对这些问题，我们要关注对汽车尾气的处理，关注我们的环境，及时采取措施很好的处理汽车尾气问题，让我们可以与环境和谐相处，让我们可以生活得更美好。关键词：汽车尾气；污染；危害；防治措施；建议IIAbstractInmodernsociety,itisnolongertoohightobereached,intothehomesofordinarypeople.Thecarismorethanjustameansoftransport,herepresentsaculture,awayoflife,afashion.Lifeonthewheelislightandcomfortable,theautomobilehasbroughtmodernmaterialcivilizationtotheworld,theautomobilehasprovidedtheconvenienttransportationforthepeople,butatthesametimeitalsobringstheenvironmentalnoisepollutionandothersocialproblems.Isinourenjoymentofthecartobringconvenienceandcomfort,thenoisepollutioncausedbyvehicleexhaustemissionsofairpollution,carhornsaffectspeople'slives,everydaypeopleliveinvehicleexhaustandnoise,exhaustemissionsfrommotorvehiclescontaininglargeamountofnitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons,andcarbonmonoxide,,thesegaseousemissionnotonlysmellweirdandgiddy,disgusting,affectpeople'shealthhazardstothehumanbody.Visible,automobileexhausthasbecometheprimarysourceofairpollution,controlofmotorvehicleemissionpollutionhasbecomeanimportanttask.Therefore,intheautomotiveindustrydevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection,theneedtofindanewbalance.Facingtheseproblems.Wewanttopayattentiontotheprocessingofautomobileexhaust,payattentiontoourenvironment,totaketimelyautomobileexhaustgoodmeasurestodealwiththeproblem,sothatwecanliveinharmonywiththeenvironment,letuslivebetter.Keywords:automobileexhaust;pollution;harm;preventionandcontrolmeasures;suggestionsIII目录1前言....................................................................................................................12汽车尾气污染的概述........................................................................................22.1汽车尾气污染的现状...................................................................................22.2汽车尾气污染的成分...................................................................................22.2.1一氧化碳..................................................................................................22.2.2碳氢化合物..............................................................................................32.2.3氮氧化合物..............................................................................................32.2.4硫氧化合物..............................................................................................42.2.5挥发性有机物..........................................................................................42.2.6臭氧..........................................................................................................42.2.7重金属......................................................................................................52.2.8碳烟微粒..................................................................................................53汽车尾气的危害................................................................................................53.1危害人体健康...............................................................................................63.1.1机动车尾气排放对人体健康造成的直接影响......................................63.1.2机动车尾气排放对人体造成的间接影响..............................................63.2温室效应.......................................................................................................73.3影响气候.......................................................................................................84汽车尾气污染的防治措施................................................................................84.1汽车尾气的净化途径...................................................................................84.1.1机内控制..................................................................................................84.1.2机外净化..................................................................................................84.1.3燃料的改进与替代..................................................................................94.1.4人为因素................................................................................................105对减少汽车尾气排放提出的建议..................................................................116总结..................................................................................................................12致谢.....................................................................................................................13参考文献.............................................................................................................1311前言随着工业、经济的发展，汽车正在成为一种时尚。急剧增长的汽车保有量，令人担忧的汽车排放情况，正在污染着人类赖以生存的大气环境。20世纪90年代，我国汽车节能与环保技术虽然很低，但是，由于汽车生产和使用规模不大，汽车污染问题并不突出，城市大气污染主要表现为燃煤造成的煤烟型污染。最近十几年，特别是进入21世纪后，我国汽车产业得到了快速发展。2003年初，全国汽车销售收入首次超过纺织业，成为我国五大支柱产业之一。汽车产量由1991年的70万辆增加到了2005年的573万辆，1