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附：经济金融术语汉英对照表（表一）A安全网safetynet按可比口径oncomparablebasis按轻重缓急toprioritize暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenceto办理存款业务totakedeposits保护农民的生产积极性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce备付金（超额准备金）excessreserves本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）taxavoidance币种搭配不当currencymismatch币种构成currencycomposition变相社会集资disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixedcost不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷款（资产）problemloans；non-performingloans（assets）C财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficit财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销率currentperiodinventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds敞口头寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重组计划restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccess出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings传导机制transmissionmechanism从价税advaloremtax从紧控制tightcontrol存贷款比例loan/depositratio存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem存款货币银行depositmoneybanks存款准备金requiredreservesD打白条issueIOU大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idleloans贷款沉淀non-performingloans贷款分类loanclassification贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库toactasfiscalagent代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽贷款ear-markedloans倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德风险moralhazard地区差别regionaldisparity第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry递延资产deferrableassets订货不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry独立核算independentaccounting短期国债treasurybills对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector多种所有制形式diversifiedownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondarymarketF发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分业经营segregationoffinancialbusines（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收购leveragedbuyout高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）公开市场操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事业publicutilities公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio工业增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint-equityenterprises股份制银行joint-equitybanks固定资产贷款fixedassetloans关税减免tariffreductionandexemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior规模效益economiesofscale国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals国家风险countryrisk国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor国际收支balanceofpayments国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector国有企业state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosionofstateassets国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities过度竞争excessivecompetition过度膨胀excessiveexpansion过热迹象signsofoverheatingH合理预期rationalexpectation核心资本corecapital合资企业joint-ventureenterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）坏账baddebt还本付息debtservice换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings汇兑在途fundsinfloat汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits汇率失调exch