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1,1,W1R1L1vanderStar2,M1C1M1vanLoosdrecht2(1.,100044;2.,):(ANAMMOX)ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX:;;;;;ANAM2MOX(CANON);ANAMMOX:X703.1:B:1000-4602(2007)18-0015-05:(BJE10016200611)GlobalSituationofDevelopingANAMMOXTechnologytowardsEngineeringApplicationHAOXiao2di1,QIUFu2guo1,W1R1L1vanderStar2,M1C1M1vanLoosdrecht2(1.R&DCentreforSustainableEnvironmentalBiotechnology,BeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,Beijing100044,China;2.DepartmentofBiotechnology,DelftUniversityofTechnology,theNetherlands)Abstract:Theengineeringapplicationofanaerobicammoniaoxidation(ANAMMOX)technologyisdifficultlyrealizedduetotheveryslowgrowthrateofANAMMOXbacteria.BasedontheDutchexperi2encesoffull2scaleengineeredANAMMOXreactors,theprogressandmajorobstaclesinANAMMOXengi2neeringapplicationwereintroduced,andthepresentstatusofresearch,developmentandengineeringap2plicationoftheANAMMOXtechnologyinsomeEuropeancountriestakingtheNetherlandsasrepresenta2tivewasoverviewed.Finally,anoutlookoftheANAMMOXtechnologyisaddressed.Keywords:ANAMMOX;short2cutnitrogenremoval;generationtime;granularsludge;nitrosation;one2stageANAMMOX(CANON);two2stageANAMMOX(nitrosation+ANAMMOX)(ANAMMOX),ANAMMOX,(NO-2)(NH+4)(N2),NH+4N2ANAMMOX1[1]51231820079CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERVol.23No.18Sep.20071Fig.1NitrogencyclesystemANAMMOX22ANAMMOXFig.2ProcessofANAMMOX2,(COD)(O2),ANAMMOX,,ANAMMOX1810(TUDelft)[24],ANAMMOX11989TNOMulder(Delft)GistBro2cades,(90%),NH+4N2,[5],MulderANAMMOXANAMMOX,TUDelftANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,TUDelftANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX()(),60%,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX,,,CO2[6],ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX(10d),ANAMMOXANAMMOX,ANAM2MOX(3),,,,[78],,,3ANAMMOX(1mm)Fig.3ANAMMOXgranules(diameterca.1mm)ANAMMOX,50%NH+4NO-2,;50%NH+4NO-2ANAMMOX612318(CANON[910]),ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX(NO-2,),,ANAM2MOXANAMMOX,ANAMMOX(4)3,ANA2MMOX,,ANAMMOX,,2,ANAMMOX4ANAMMOXFig.4GlobalfirstANAMMOXreactoranditsinnerstructureinRotterdam,theNetherlands2,ANAMMOX,4ANAMMOX4ANAMMOX3,1,(3)(1)41[8]14ANAMMOXTab.1Basicinformationabout4engineeredANAMMOXreactors/(kgNd-1)/(kgNd-1)/Dokhaven()49075042Lichtenvoorde()325150312Olburgen()120070036()2202202:3ANAMMOX20026Dokhaven,NH+4ANAMMOX,2(SHARON),ANAMMOX,50%NH+4NO-2,ANAMMOXANAMMOXDokhaven10%15%,ANAMMOX70m3,490kgN/d;750kgN/d,10.7kgN/(m3d),ANAMMOX;20kgN/(m3d)[7]ANAM2MOXANAMMOX3,[7]:,ANAMMOX;(10L)70m3;NO-2-N(),ANAMMOX;371:23184,,;,ANAMMOX[11];5,;500d,;,ANAM2MOX,AN2AMMOX,3,55ANAMMOXFig.5ResultsofthefirstANAMMOXreactorreachingstableoperationANAMMOX,ANAM2MOX2(1m3)ANAMMOX[781220]2ANAMMOX,StrassSBRANAMMOX(0.0040.3m3)(2.4m3)(500m3)3,ANAMMOXANAMMOX,ANA2MMOX,2ANAMMOXTab.2ListofANAMMOXtechnologygloballyappliedinpilotand/orfullscales//m3N/(kgNm-3d-1)7010[7]Lichtenvoorde701[8]Hattingen671[12]583[8]Balk54[7]20.1[13]SBR2.52[14]Olburgen6001.2[8]StrassSBR5000.6[15]GlarnerlandSBR4000.4[16]Pitsea2401.7[17]Hattingen1021[12]Mechernich800.6[18]KÊllikon330.4[19]40.5[20]3ANAMMOX,,,ANAMMOX,ANAMMOXNH+4COD(),ANAMMOX(30),ANAMMOX,(),,ANAMMOX(NH+4COD,),NH+4COD,:[1].[M].:,2006.[2]MulderA,vandeGraafAA,RobertsonLA,etal.An2aerobicammoniumoxidationdiscoveredinadenitrifying812318[J].FEMSMicrobiolEcol,1995,16(3):177-184.[3]vandeGraafAA,deBruijnP,RobertsonLA,etal.Autotrophicgrowthofanaerobicammonium2oxidizingmi2cro2organismsinafluidizedbedreactor[J].Microbiolo2gy(UK),1996,142(8):2187-2196.[4]StrousM,FuerstJA,KarmerEHM,etal.Missinglith2otrophidentifiedasnewplanctomycete[J].Nature,1999,400(29):446-449.[5]MulderA.Anoxicammoniaoxidationofwastewater[P].Netherlands:327184.11p,1989.[6]vanLoosdrechtMCM,JettenMSM,AbmaWR.Im2provingthesustainabilityofnitrogenremoval[J].Water21,2001,(12):50-52.[7]vanderStarWRL,AbmaWR,BlommersD,etal.St2artupofreactorsforanoxicammoniumoxidation:experi2encesfromthefirstfullscaleANAMMOXreactorinRot2terdam[DB/OL].[8]AbmaW,SchultzC,MulderJW,etal.TheadvanceofAnammox[J].Water21,2007,(2):36-37.[9]HaoXD,HeijnenJJ,vanLoosdrechtMCM.Sensitivi2tyanalysisofabiofilmmodeldescribingaone2stagecompletelyautotrophicnitrogenremoval(CANON)process[J].BiotechnolBioeng,2002,77(3):266-277.[10]HaoXD,HeijnenJJ,vanLoosdrechtMCM.Model2basedevaluationoftemperatureandinflowvariationonapartialnitrification2ANAMMOXbiofilmprocess[J].WaterRes,2002,36(19):4839-4849.[11]GvenD,DapenaA,KartalB,etal.Propionateoxida2tionbyandmethanolinhibitionofanaerobicammonium2oxidizingbacteria[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,2005,71(2):1066-1071.[12]ThÊleD,CorneliusA,RosenwinkelKH.GroºtechnischeErfahrungenzurDeammonifikationvonSchlammwasseraufderKl¾ranlageHattingen(FullscaleexperienceswithdeammonificationofsludgeliquoratHattingenwastewatertreatmentplant)[J].GWF,Wasser/Abwass2er,2005,146(2):104-109.[13]GutL,PlazaE,TrelaJ,etal.Combinedpartialnitritati2on/Anammoxsystemfortreatmentofdigestersuperna2tant[J].WaterSciTechnol,2006,53(12):149-159.[14]FuxC,BoehlerM,HuberP,etal.Biologicaltreatmentofammonium2richwastewaterbypartialnitritationandsubsequentanaerobicammoniumoxidation(Anammox)inapilotplant[J].JBiotechnol,2002,99(3):295-306.[15]WettB.Solvedu