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独立主格结构独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语(作逻辑主语）（作逻辑谓语）1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.3.Theriverhavingriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.主格名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词）主格名词/代词+形容词1.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Otherthingsbeingequal,Iwouldbuytheblackdress.主格名词/代词+副词Themeetingbeingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.主格名词/代词+不定式主格名词/代词+介词短语OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语一、作时间状语1、Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.2、Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.=Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.二、作原因状语1、Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.2、Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.三、作条件状语1、Withtimepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.2、Withthecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.=Thecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.四、作伴随状语1、Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.2、LastnightIfollowedhim,withaswordinmyhand.=LastnightIfollowedhim,swordinhand.无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：Hesatatthedeskreadingwithapenwasinhisrighthand.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.