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IndependentNominative独立主格结构Itrained.Istayedathome.怎样将两个句子合并？要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并成并列句。☞Itrainso/andIstayedathome.并列连词：and,or,but,so,for,when,while,neither…nor,either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso要求：可以使用连词，请将句子合并为复合句。☞Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.要求：不适用连词，将两个句子合并为一个句子。☞Itraining,Istayedathome.比较三句：☞Itrainso/andIstayedathome.☞Becauseitrainedyesterday,Istayedathome.☞Itraining,Istayedathome.独立主格结构的概念：☞“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。独立主格结构的特点：☞没有连接词，独立主格部分用“，”与主句分开。☞两个句子分别有自己的主语和谓语，即独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同。☞独立主格部分中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与其后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式形成逻辑主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构的功能：☞“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：。①表示时间☞Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。themeetingbeingover相当于whenthemeetingwasover☞Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。herworkdone相当于whenherworkwasdone②表示条件☞Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。Iftheconditionisfavorable③表示原因☞Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。Sincetherewasnotaxis,☞Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare,thenightbeingdarkandfrosty.夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。asthenightwasdarkandfrosty④表示伴随情况☞Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors,andsilveristhebestofall.)⑤表示补充说明☞Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。独立主格结构功能说明：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。独立主格结构的构成：☞名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词：Weatherpermitting,wewillhaveapicnictomorrow名词(代词)+形容词：theconditionfavorable名词(代词)+副词：themeeting(being)over....（上也有此句）Therebeing+名词：therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome名词(代词)+不定式：Sheproposedapicnic,sheherselftopaytherailwaytickets,andMarytoprovidethefood.名词(代词)+介词短语：theteacherenteredtheclassroom,bookinhandItbeing+名词：ItbeingX'mas,thegovernmentofficewasclosed①名词/代词+形容词☞Themenmovedslowlyforward,neckdeepinthewater,withtheirofficersguidingthem.☞Itstoodsilentinthenoonsunlight,itsdooropen.②名词/代词+副词☞Nobodyin,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.☞Lunchover,heleftthehouse.Buthewasthinking..③名词/代词+现在分词☞Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。☞Therainhavingstopped,hewentoutforawalk.雨停了，他出去散步。④名词/代词+过去分词☞“Marquis,”saidtheboy,turningtotheman,hiseyesopenedwide,andhisrighthandraised.☞Thequestionbeingsettled,wewoundupthemeeting.问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。⑤名词/代词（主格）+不定式☞Weshallassembleattenforty-five,theprocessiontostartmovingatpreciselyeleven.我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。☞Wedividedthework,hetocleanthewindowsandItosweepthefloor.我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。☞Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。☞Thetwoboyssaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotohisfriend’s.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。⑥名词/代词+介词短语☞Ifollowedhimhere,climbedin,swordinhand.☞Hesatatthetable,coatoff,headdown,andpeninhand.⑦名词/代词+名词☞hefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon.他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。.☞Thehuntsmanenteredtheforest,guninhand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。⑧With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。☞Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraised【rising亦可】。with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语•独立主格结构有三种类型：•1.逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）•2.逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短•语)•3.with/without+复合宾语（不定式、现在分词、过去•分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）1.Darkness______in,theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestreets.A.setB.settingC.hassetD.wasset2.Anewtechnique______,theproductionincreasedby20percent.A.tohavebeenworkedoutB.havingworkedoutC.workingoutD.havingbeenworkedout3.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性).A.hasB.hadC.tohaveD.having【当堂检测】4._______,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting5._______,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid6.Shestoodthere,_______fromhercheeks.A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown【当堂检测】（二）无动词独立主格结构1.________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2._______,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather3.______,thehunterwentintotheforest.A.AgunonshoulderB.AgunwasonhisshoulderC.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder4.;wehadtoputthemeetingoff.A.BecausethemanagerwasillB.ThemanagerbeingillC.ThemanagerwasillD.Beingill（三）“with/without”引导的独立主格结构1.______productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through2.Withalotofwork_______,Ihavetosituptonight.A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo3.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkhegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedThankYou！