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Chapter1Napoleon：FromSchoolboytoEmperorNapoleonwasaFrenchsoldierwhobecameemperorofFrance.Hewasbornin1769ontheislandofCorsica.Whenhewasonly10yearsold,hisfathersenthimtomilitary（军事）schoolinFrance.N.wasn’taverygoodstudentinmostofhisclasses,butheexcelled（优于）inmathematicsandmilitaryscience.Whenhewas16yearsold,hejoinedtheFrencharmy.Inthatyearhebeganthemilitarycareerthatbroughthimfame,power,riches,and,finally,defeat.N.becameageneralintheFrencharmyattheyoungageof24.Severalyearslater,hebecametheemperoroftheFrenchEmpire.N.wasmanythings.Hewas,firstofall,abrilliant（杰出的）militaryleader.Hissoldierswerereadytodieforhim.Asaresult,N.wonmany,manymilitaryvictories.AtonetimehecontrolledmostofEurope,butmanycountries,includingEngland,Russia,andAustriafoughtfiercelyagainsthim.Hisdefeat–hisend–camewhenhedecidedtoattackRussia.InthismilitarycampaignagainstRussia,helostmostofhisarmy.ThegreatFrenchconquerordiedalone--desertedbyhisfamilyandfriends–in1821.N.wasonly51yearsoldwhenhedied.PostlisteningA.TheComprehensionCheck1.RecognizingInformationandCheckingAccuracy1.WhenwasNapoleonborn?(a)2.WhatkindofstudentwasNapoleoninmostofhisclasses?(d)3.WhatdidNapoleon'smilitarycareerbringhim?(d)4.WhendidNapoleonbecomeemperoroftheFrenchEmpire?(d)5.OnereasonthatNapoleonwonmanymilitaryvictorieswasthathissoldierswerereadytofighttothedeathforhim.(T)6.AustriaandRussiafoughtfiercelyagainstNapoleon,butEnglanddidnot.(FEnglandalsofoughtagainsthim.)7.ManyofNapoleon'sfamilyandfriendswerewithhimwhenhedied.(FHediedaloneanddesertedbyhisfamilyandfriends.)8.Napoleondiedbeforehereachedtheageof52.(T)ListeningFactoid#1ThecauseofNapoleon'sdeathattheageof51ontheislandofSt.Helenaisstillamystery.Thereisnodoubtthataverysickmanatthetimeofhisdeath.Onetheoryaboutthecauseofhisdeathisthathehadstomachcancer.Anothertheoryisthathewasdeliberatelypoisonedbyaservant.Thisthirdtheorysuggeststhathewaspoisoned,butnotbyhisservant.Thisthirdtheorysuggeststhatthathewaspoisoned,accidentallybyfumes（烟气）fromthewallpaperwereanalyzedandtraces（追踪）ofarsenicwerefoundinit.ArsenicispowerfulpoisonthatwasusedinsomeofthedyesinwallpaperduringthetimethatNapoleonlived.Morethan170yearsafterhisdeath,peoplearestillspeculating(猜测)aboutthecauseofhisdeath.ListeningFactoid#21.Tenpeoplewhospeakmakemorenoisethan10,000whoaresilent.2.Inpolitics,stupidityisnotahandicap（不利条件）.3.Amanwillfightharderforhisintereststhanforhisrights.4.Menofgenius（天才）aremeteors（流星）intendedtoburntolighttheircentury.5.Iknow,whenitisnecessary,howtoleavetheskinoftheliontotaketheskinofthefox.（舍不得孩子套不着狼）6.Historyistheversionofpasteventsthatpeoplehavedecidedtoagreeupon.7.Itissuccesswhichmakesgreatmen.Chapter2Pompeii：Destroyed,Forgotten,andFoundTodaymanypeoplewholiveinlargemetropolitan（大都市的）areassuchasParisandNewYorkleavethecityinthesummer.Theygotothemountainsortotheseashoretoescapethecitynoiseandheat.Over2,000yearsago,manyrichRomansdidthesamething.TheyleftthecityofRomeinthesummer.ManyofthesewealthyRomansspenttheirsummersinthecityofPompeii.P.wasabeautifulcity;itwaslocatedontheocean,ontheBayofNaples.Intheyear79C.E.,ayoungboywholaterbecameaveryfamousRomanhistorianwasvisitinghisuncleinP..Theboy’snamewasPlinytheYounger.OnedayPlinywaslookingupatthesky.Hesawafrighteningsight.Itwasaverylargedarkcloud.Thisblackcloudrosehighintothesky.Rockandashflewthroughtheair.WhatPlinysawwastheeruption–theexplosion--ofthevolcano,Vesuvius.ThecityofP.wasatthefootofMt.V..Whenthevolcanofirsterupted,manypeoplewereabletofleethecityandtoescapedeath.Infact,18,000peopleescapedtheterribledisaster.Unfortunately,therewasnotenoughtimeforeveryonetoescape.Morethan2,000peopledied.Theseunluckypeoplewereburiedaliveunderthevolcanicash.Theeruptionlastedforabout3days.Whentheeruptionwasover,P.wasburiedunder20feetofvolcanicrockandash.ThecityofP.wasburiedandforgottenfor1,700years.Intheyearof1748anItalianfarmerwasdiggingonhisfarm.Ashewasdigging,heuncoveredapartofawalloftheancientcityofP..Soonarchaeologistsbegantoexcavate–todig--inthearea.Astimewentby,muchoftheancientcityofP.wasuncovered.TodaytouristsfromallovertheworldcometoseetheruinsofthefamouscityofPompeii.PostlisteningA.TheComprehensionCheck1.RecognizingInformationandCheckingAccuracy1.AtwhattimeoftheyeardidwealthyRomansliketovisitPompeii?(inthesummertime)2.InwhatyeardidPlinypayavisittohisuncle/shouseinPompeii?(in79C.E.)3.WhatdidPlinyseewhenhewaslookingoutovertheBayofNaplesoneday?(alargedarkcloud)4.WherewasPompeiilocatedinrelationtoMt.Vesuvius?(PompeiiwaslocatedatthefootofMt.Vesuvius.)5.WhendidanItalianfarmerdiscoverapartofanancientwallofPompeii?{in1748)6.RomewaslocatedatthefootofMt.Vesuvius.(FPompeiiwaslocatedatthefootofMt.Vesuvius.)7.MostofthepeopleofPompeiiwereabletofleethecityandtoescapedeath.(T)8.Pompeiiwasburiedundertwofeetofvolcanicash.(FPompeiiwasburiedunder20feetofvolcanicash.)9.Pompeiilayburiedandforgottenbetween79C.E.and1748.(T)10.TheItalianfarmerwaslookingfortheancientcityofPompeii.(FThefarmerwasdiggingonhisfarm.)11.TouristscometoexcavatethecityofPompeii,(FTouristscometoseetheruinsoftheancientcityofPompeii.)Listeningfactoid#1In1951,anA