语言学-判断题

判断题Chapter11.“Languageoperatesbyrules”isafundamentalviewaboutlanguage.【答案】T2.ItisconclusivethatChineseisregardedastheprimevallanguage.【答案】F3.Whereverhumansexist,languageexists.【答案】T1.Whenlanguageisusedtogetinformationfromothers,itservesaninformativefunction.【答案】F2.Thephaticfunctionreferstolanguagefunctionforestablishingormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.【答案】T3.Themostimportantsociologicaluseoflanguageistheperformativefunction,bywhichpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinsociety.【答案】F1.Phonologyislanguagespecific.【答案】T2.Syntaxreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage.【答案】T3.Phonologyandgrammarareinfinite,tightlystructuredsystems,thechilddoesnothavetomasterthembeforepubertyinordertobeanativespeakerofthelanguage.【答案】F1.Theconceptcompetenceoriginallyreferstothegrammaticalknowledgeoftheideallanguageuserandhasnothingtodowiththeactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituation.【答案】T2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeiscalleddiachronicstudy.【答案】FChapter21.Bilabialconsonantisproducedwhentheobstructionispartialandtheairisforcedthroughanarrowpassage.【答案】F2.Thesoundsegmentsaregroupedintoconsonantsandvowels.【答案】TChapter31.Thewordof“impossibility”containsfourmorphemes.【答案】F2.Both“use”and“books”contain/s/,whichcanberegardedasaphonemeandamorphemeaswell.【答案】F3.Thewords“water”and“teacher”haveacommonphonemeandacommonmorphemeaswell.【答案】F4.Thewords“boys”and“raise”haveacommonphonemeandacommonmorphemeaswell.【答案】F1.Analogicchangereferstothereductionofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes.【答案】T2.INVENTIONisaformofcompounding,inwhichtwowordsareblendedbyjoiningtheinitialpartofthefirstwordandthefinalpartofthesecondword,orbyjoiningtheinitialpartsofthetwowords.【答案】FChapter41.Paradigmaticrelationinsyntaxisalternativelycalledhorizontalrelation.【答案】F（解释：Paradigmaticrelationisalsocalledverticalrelation;horizontalrelationisatermforsyntagmaticrelation.）2.ItischaracteristicofHalliday’stheorythatmoreattentionispaidtoparadigmaticrelationsthantosyntagmaticrelations,whichisthemainconcernofChomsky.【答案】T1..InEnglish,nounshavethreecases—nominative,accusativeandgenitive.【答案】T1.Alllanguageshavesomedifferencesinverbformswhichareusedtoproducecohesion.【答案】T2.Intheexample:“Hecouldn'topenthedoor.Itwaslockedtight”,therelationbetween“thedoor”and“It”isthatofsubstitution.【答案】F(reference)Chapter51.Aftercomparing“Theystoppedattheendofthecorridor”with“Attheendofthecorridor,theystopped.”youmayfindsomedifferenceinmeaning,andthedifferencecanbeinterpretedintermsofcollocativemeaning【答案】F2.Aftercomparing“Theystoppedattheendofthecorridor.”with“Attheendofthecorridor,theystopped.”youmayfindsomedifferenceinmeaning,andthedifferencecanbeinterpretedintermsofthematicmeaning.【答案】T3.Whenyouuseyourownsentencewithameaningotherthantheconceptual,themeaningissometimesreferredtoasspeaker’smeaning,orcontextualmeaning.【答案】T1.Thetheoryofmeaningwhichrelatesthemeaningofawordtothethingitrefersto,orstandsfor,isknownasthereferentialtheory.【答案】T2.Referenceisoneoftherarelyusedcohesivedevices.【答案】F3.OdgenandRichardsarguethattherelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect.【答案】T4.TheideathatthemeaningofasentencedependsonthemeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthewaytheyarecombinedisusuallyknownastheprincipleofCOMPOSITIONALITY.【答案】TChapter91.Metonymyisakindoffigurativelanguagewhichisusuallyclassedasatypeofsynecdoche.Itreferstousingthenameofpartofanobjecttotalkaboutthewholething,andviceversa,astheuseof“hands”in“Weareshortofhands”.【答案】F【解析】Synecdocheisakindoffigurativelanguagewhichisusuallyclassedasatypeofmetonymy.Itreferstousingthenameofpartofanobjecttotalkaboutthewholething,andviceversa,astheuseof“hands”in“Weareshortofhands”.1.Blankverseconsistsoflinesiniambicpentameterwhichdonotrhyme.【答案】T2.Theinitialconsonantsareidenticalinalliteration.【答案】T1.ThetermStreamofconsciousnesswritingwasoriginallycoinedbythephilosopherWilliamJamesinhisPrincipleofPsychologytodescribethefreeassociationofideasandimpressionsinthemind.【答案】T2.AUTHORIALSTYLElookscloselyathowlinguisticchoiceshelptoconstructtextualmeaning.Whenweexamineit,wewillneedtoexaminelinguisticchoiceswhichareintrinsicallyconnectedwithmeaningandeffectonthereader.【答案】F【解析】Textstylelookscloselyathowlinguisticchoiceshelptoconstructtextualmeaning.Whenweexamineit,wewillneedtoexaminelinguisticchoiceswhichareintrinsicallyconnectedwithmeaningandeffectonthereader.1.Theopinionthatalanguageisprimitivereflectsthesocialjudgmentofthelanguage.【答案】F