6环烃

01.THENOMENCLATUREOFCYCLICHYDROCARBONSThenamesofsaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbons(withnosidechains)areformedbyattachingtheprefixcyclotothenameoftheacyclicsaturatedunbranchedhydrocarbonwiththesamenumberofcarbonatoms.Thegenericnameofsaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbons(withorwithoutsidechains)iscycloalkane.Exa.cyclopropane,cyclohexane.饱和单环烃（无侧链）的名称是通过将前缀“cyclo”附加在无环无支链饱和烃的名称上，并以相同的碳原子编号。饱和单环烃（带或不带侧链）的通用名称是“环烷烃”。例子：环丙烷，环己烷。Univalentradicalsderivedfromcycloalkanes(withnosidechains)arenamedbyreplacingtheending-aneofthehydrocarbonnameby-yl,thecarbonatomwiththefreevalencebeingnumberedasl.Thegenericnameoftheseradicalsiscycloalkyl.Exa.cyclopropyl.cyclohexyl.从环烷烃（无侧链）的单价自由基的命名是通过用“-yl”将烃名称的结尾“-ane”取代，碳原子自由共价编号为1。这些自由基的通用名称是“环烷基”。EXA。环丙。环己。Thenamesofunsaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbons(withnosidechains)areformedbysubstituting'-ene.'-adiene,'-atriene,'4-yne»''-adiyne,etc.,for-aneinthenameofthecorrespondingcycloalkane.Thedoubleandtriplebondsaregivennumbersaslowaspossible.Exa.Cyclohexane,1.3-cyclohexadiene.不饱和单环烃的命名是通过将“-adiene,-atriene”，-yne''-adiyne“等替代相对应环烷烃的名称上“-ane”而得。排序双键和三键的编号时，要使得编号好尽可能小。EXA。环己烷，1。3-环己二烯。以下单环芳香烃名称被保留下来：苯，甲苯，二甲苯，均三甲苯。异丙苯，苯乙烯等。Thefollowingnamesformonocyclicaromatichydrocarbonsareretained:benzene,toluene,xylene,mesitylene.cumene,styrene,etc.以下单环芳香烃名称被保留下来：苯，甲苯，二甲苯，均三甲苯。异丙苯，苯乙烯等。Thenamesofunivalentradicalsderivedfromunsaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbonshavetheendings-enyl,-ynyl,-dienyl,etc.Thecarbonatomwiththefreevalenceisnumberedas1.Exa.2-cyclopenten-l-yl,2,4-cyc!opentadien-l-yl.来自不饱和单环烃的单价自由基单命名是以“-enyl”，“ynyl”，“dienyl”等结尾。碳原子自由价的编号为1。EXA。2-环戊烯L-基，2,4-CYC！opentadien-L-YL。Thefollowingtrivialnamesforradicalshavingasinglefreevalenceareretained:phenyl,toiyl,xylyl,mesityl,cumenyl,benzyl,styryl,etc.以下自由基有一个单一的自由价琐碎的名称被保留：苯基，甲苯，二甲苯基，对此三甲苯基，异丙苯基，苯甲基，苯乙烯基，等。Sincethenamephenylene(o-,m-,orp-)isretainedfortheradical-C6H4-,bivalentradicalsformedfromsubstitutedbenzenederivativesandhavingthefreevalencesatringatomsarenamedassubstitutedphenyleneradicals.Thecarbonatomshavingthefreevalencesarenumbered1,2-,1,3-,or1,4-asappropriate.由于这个亚苯基的名称仍为自由基C6H4-保留下来，二价自由基是通过取代苯的衍生物和作为取代亚苯基有自由价在环原子上形成的。拥有适当自由价的碳原子被编号为1，2-1，3-或1,4-Thenamesofpolycyclichydrocarbonswithmaximumnumberofnon-cumulativedoublebondsendin-ene.Thefollowinglistcontainsthenamesofpolycyclichydrocarbonswhichareretained,suchasnaphthalene,anthracene,phenanthrene,indeneetc.非累积双键的最大数量的多环烃的命名以“烯”结尾。以下列表包含被保留下来的多环芳烃碳氢化合物的名称，如萘，蒽，菲，茚等，Thenamesofortho-fusedorortho-andperi-fusedpolycyclichydrogenatedhydrocarbonswithlessthanmaximumnumberofnon-cumulativedoublebondsareformedfromaprefixdihydro-,tetrahydro-,etc.,followedbythenameofthecorrespondingunreducedhydrocarbon.Theprefixperhydro-signifiesfullhydrogenation.Exa.1,4-dihydronaphthalene,tetradecahydroanthraceneorperhydroanthracene.“邻位稠”或“迫位稠”的名称多环芳烃氢化小于非累积双键的最大数量从一个前缀“二氢”，“四氢”等形成的碳氢化合物未经扣减相应的烃类的名称。前缀“perhydro”标志着全加氢。EXA。1,4-dihydronaphthalene，tetradecahydroanthracene或perhydroanthracene。Univalentradicalsderivedfromortho-fusedorortho-andperi-fusedpolycyclichydrocarbonswithnamesendingin-enebyremovalofahydrogenatomfromanaromaticoralicyclicringarenamedinprinciplebychangingtheending-eneofthenamesofthehydrocarbonsto*-enyl.Examples:2-indenyl.Exceptions:naphthyl,anthryl,phenanthryl.-来自“邻位稠”或“迫位稠”多环碳氢化合物的单价自由基的名称是以“-ene”结尾，通过从芳香族或脂环族去除一个氢原子的命名规则来使以“-ene”结尾的碳氢化合物改为“-enyl”结尾例如：2-茚。例外：萘，蒽，phenanthryl。BicyclicBridgedHydrocarbonsSaturatedalicyclichydrocarbonsystemsconsistingoftworingsonly,havingtwoormoreatomsincommon,takethenameofanopenchainhydrocarboncontainingthesametotalnumberofcarbonatomsprecededbytheprefixbicyclo-'.Thenumberofcarbonatomsineachofthethreebridges(Abridgeisavalencebondoranatomoranunbranchedchainofatomsconnectingtwodifferentpartsofamolecule.Thetwotertiarycarbonatomsconnectedthroughthebridgearetermed“bridgeheads.).connectingthetwotertiarycarbonatomsisindicatedinbracketsindescendingorder.Thesystemisnumberedcommencingwithoneofthebridgeheads,numberingproceedingbythelongestpossiblepathtothesecondbridgehead;numberingisthencontinuedfromthisatombythelongerunnumberedpathbacktothefirstbridgeheadandiscompletedbytheshortestpathfromtheatomnexttothefirstbridgehead.2Radicalsderivedfrombridgedhydrocarbonsarenamedbyreplacingtheendinganeofrespectivebridgedhydrocarbonnamebyyl.Thenumberingofthehydrocarbonisretainedandthepointorpointsofattachmentaregivennumbersaslowasisconsistentwiththefixednumberingofthesaturatedhydrocarbon3.PolycyclicSystemsCyclichydrocarbonsystemsconsistingofthreeormoreringsmaybenamedinaccordancewiththenamingprinciplesstatedinbicyclicsystem.Theappropriateprefixtricyclo-tetracyclo-”,etc.,issubstitutedforbicyclo-beforethenameoftheopen-chainhydrocarboncontainingthesametotalnumberofcarbonatoms.Radicalsderivedfromthesehydrocarbonsarenamedaccordingtothenamingprinciplessetforthinradicalsderivedfrombridgedhydrocarbons.Whenthereisachoice,thefollowingcriteriaareconsideredinturn,untiladecisionismade:(a)Themainringshallcontainasmanycarbonatomsaspossible,twoofwhichmustserveasbridgeheadsforthemainbridge.(b)Themainbridgeshallbeaslargeaspossible.(c)Thema